Table 2.

Main sources of UPF in participants at baseline and 14-year follow-up by diabetes status ^*

	Baseline					14-year follow-up
	T1DM (n 256)		Non-diabetic controls (n 344)			T1DM (n 256)		Non-diabetic controls (n 344)
Foods (servings/d)	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	P	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	P
Processed meat†	0·40	0·44	0·34	0·38	0·07	0·26	0·30	0·20	0·21	< 0·01
Soft drinks‡	1·48	1·61	0·85	0·97	< 0·01	1·24	1·63	0·61	0·86	< 0·01
Breakfast cereals	0·40	0·52	0·41	0·64	0·4	0·22	0·43	0·19	0·28	0·2
Breads	1·01	0·99	0·90	0·97	0·14	0·67	0·70	0·59	0·61	0·18
Sweets§	0·89	0·78	0·96	0·87	0·35	0·67	0·60	0·71	1·02	0·47
Baked goods||	0·88	0·68	1·07	0·96	< 0·01	0·63	0·61	0·79	0·89	0·3
Savoury¶	0·97	1·02	0·68	0·70	< 0·01	0·74	0·74	0·58	0·46	< 0·01
Margarine	0·52	0·70	0·38	0·53	0·01	0·21	0·45	0·13	0·28	0·02
Other**	1·04	1·00	0·96	0·98	0·39	0·94	0·99	0·83	0·87	0·2
Total UPF	7·59	3·83	6·55	3·43	< 0·01	5·58	3·37	4·63	2·74	< 0·01

UPF: ultra-processed foods; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus.

^* P was derived from Student’s t test.

^†Hot dog, sausage, salami, bologna and hamburger.

^‡Sugar-sweetened beverages, low-calorie soft drinks, sports drinks and fruit drinks.

^§Chocolate, candy, ice cream, jams, jellies and syrup.

^||Muffins, brownies, doughnuts, bagels, sweet roll, pie, pancake, waffles, cookies and biscuits.

^¶Chips, French fries, crackers and popcorn.

^**Pizza, peanut butter, mayonnaise or other creamy salad dressing, cream cheese, non-dairy coffee whitener and liquor.