Figure 12.

Imaging in genetic vasculopathies. MRI (A–E) in a patient with CADASIL demonstrating anterior temporal white matter [arrow in (B)], external capsule [arrow in (C)], and diffuse periventricular and subcortical white matter involvement in high frontoparietal regions, along with multiple foci of microhemorrhages in SWI sequences (E). MRI brain (F–J) axial images in a patient with pontine autosomal-dominant microangiopathy with leukoencephalopathy (PADMAL) due to pathogenic variant in COL4A1 demonstrating confluent white matter changes in supratentorial region, and pons [arrow in (F)], along with scattered lacunar infarcts, prominent vascular spaces (I) and microhemorrhages (J). MRI findings in an individual with leukoencephalopathy, calcifications, and cysts: T2W axial images (K–M) with heterogeneous white matter changes in the cerebellum, supratentorial white matter, and thalamus along with cystic lesions of various sizes. CT sections (N, O) with calcifications in corresponding regions.