Table 3.
Determinants of exposure to inhalable dust (mg/m3), endotoxin (EU/m3) (endotoxin unit, EU), bacteria (CFU/m3) (colony forming units, CFU), and fungi (CFU/m3) among recycling workers presented as unadjusted β-coefficients (Exp(β)) expressing the relative difference in mean exposure compared with the reference with 95% CI.
Inhalable dusta | Endotoxina | Bacteriaa | Fungia, 25 °C | Fungia, 37 °C | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exp(β) | 95% CI | P-value | Exp(β) | 95% CI | P-value | Exp(β) | 95% CI | P-value | Exp(β) | 95% CI | P-value | Exp(β) | 95% CI | P-value | |
Administrative worker | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Production worker | 11.9 | 6.2;22.7 | <0.001 | 7.6 | 3.7;15.4 | <0.001 | 7.6 | 3.1;18.4 | <0.001 | 82.2 | 22.6;298.7 | <0.001 | 10.7 | 4.2;27.3 | <0.001 |
Work taskc | |||||||||||||||
Sorting | 11.9 | 6.0;23.6 | <0.001 | 8.3 | 3.9;17.5 | <0.001 | 8.6 | 3.4;21.8 | <0.001 | 137.7 | 39.9;475.3 | <0.001 | 13.8 | 5.5;34.4 | <0.001 |
Machine operation | 10.2 | 4.7;22.3 | <0.001 | 5.8 | 2.4;13.7 | <0.001 | 6.4 | 1.8;22.6 | 0.004 | 59.3 | 11.7;300.4 | <0.001 | 20.3 | 5.8;71.5 | <0.001 |
Driving | 11.6 | 5.6;23.8 | <0.001 | 7.5 | 3.4;16.7 | <0.001 | 6.4 | 2.3;17.7 | <0.001 | 32.5 | 8.5;124.7 | <0.001 | 5.4 | 2.0;14.9 | 0.001 |
Cleaning and maintenance | 25.0b | 7.9;78.9b | <0.001b | 10.0b | 2.8;35.6b | <0.001b | 6.1b | 0.5;69.9b | 0.1b | 41.6b | 1.4;1235.6b | 0.031b | 2.3b | 0.2;23.8b | 0. 5b |
Waste fractionc | |||||||||||||||
Paper/cardboard | 25.4 | 12.5;51.7 | <0.001 | 31.3 | 15.8;62.0 | <0.001 | 19.3 | 8.3;44.8 | <0.001 | 58.1 | 21.0;160.3 | <0.001 | 23.8 | 9.2;61.7 | <0.001 |
Metal | 22.4 | 10.6;47.6 | <0.001 | 10.1 | 4.9;20.8 | <0.001 | 1.3b | 0.2;9.9b | 0.8b | 14.2b | 1.2;170.8b | 0.037b | 1.5b | 0.1;14.1b | 0.7b |
Plastic | 10.1 | 4.6;22.1 | <0.001 | 3.2 | 1.5;6.9 | 0.003 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Biowaste | 7.2 | 2.7;18.9 | <0.001 | 13.2 | 5.3;33.1 | <0.001 | 10.0 | 3.4;29.2 | <0.001 | 62.1 | 16.8;229.4 | <0.001 | 9.9 | 2.9;33.4 | <0.001 |
Electronics and hazardousd | 9.6 | 4.6;22.2 | <0.001 | 2.5 | 1.2;4.9 | 0.012 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Metal/plastic/glass | 4.6 | 2.1;9.9 | <0.001 | 9.5 | 4.6;19.6 | <0.001 | 4.6 | 1.9;11.0 | 0.001 | 746.7 | 256.5;2173.8 | <0.001 | 14.1 | 5.2;38.3 | <0.001 |
Mixede | 12.3 | 5.9;25.4 | <0.001 | 7.7 | 3.8;15.6 | <0.001 | 3.9 | 1.7;9.4 | 0.002 | 16.8 | 6.0;47.4 | <0.001 | 3.9 | 1.5;10.3 | 0.006 |
aUnadjusted model including the random effect of worker.
bLess than 10 observations. The number of participants and samples are displayed in Table 1 and Table 2.
cPrimary. For repeated measurements, a person can appear in two categories. We only collected microorganisms from participants working with waste fractions that have been in contact with organic material (primarily fractions that used to contain food).
dClassified as hazardous waste, e.g. light bulbs, paint, and spray cans.
eMore than one fraction of waste fraction, including working at a recycling station.