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. 2023 May 16;67(7):816–830. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxad025

Table 3.

Determinants of exposure to inhalable dust (mg/m3), endotoxin (EU/m3) (endotoxin unit, EU), bacteria (CFU/m3) (colony forming units, CFU), and fungi (CFU/m3) among recycling workers presented as unadjusted β-coefficients (Exp(β)) expressing the relative difference in mean exposure compared with the reference with 95% CI.

Inhalable dusta Endotoxina Bacteriaa Fungia, 25 °C Fungia, 37 °C
Exp(β) 95% CI P-value Exp(β) 95% CI P-value Exp(β) 95% CI P-value Exp(β) 95% CI P-value Exp(β) 95% CI P-value
Administrative worker Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Production worker 11.9 6.2;22.7 <0.001 7.6 3.7;15.4 <0.001 7.6 3.1;18.4 <0.001 82.2 22.6;298.7 <0.001 10.7 4.2;27.3 <0.001
Work taskc
 Sorting 11.9 6.0;23.6 <0.001 8.3 3.9;17.5 <0.001 8.6 3.4;21.8 <0.001 137.7 39.9;475.3 <0.001 13.8 5.5;34.4 <0.001
 Machine operation 10.2 4.7;22.3 <0.001 5.8 2.4;13.7 <0.001 6.4 1.8;22.6 0.004 59.3 11.7;300.4 <0.001 20.3 5.8;71.5 <0.001
 Driving 11.6 5.6;23.8 <0.001 7.5 3.4;16.7 <0.001 6.4 2.3;17.7 <0.001 32.5 8.5;124.7 <0.001 5.4 2.0;14.9 0.001
 Cleaning and maintenance 25.0b 7.9;78.9b <0.001b 10.0b 2.8;35.6b <0.001b 6.1b 0.5;69.9b 0.1b 41.6b 1.4;1235.6b 0.031b 2.3b 0.2;23.8b 0. 5b
Waste fractionc
 Paper/cardboard 25.4 12.5;51.7 <0.001 31.3 15.8;62.0 <0.001 19.3 8.3;44.8 <0.001 58.1 21.0;160.3 <0.001 23.8 9.2;61.7 <0.001
 Metal 22.4 10.6;47.6 <0.001 10.1 4.9;20.8 <0.001 1.3b 0.2;9.9b 0.8b 14.2b 1.2;170.8b 0.037b 1.5b 0.1;14.1b 0.7b
 Plastic 10.1 4.6;22.1 <0.001 3.2 1.5;6.9 0.003 - - - - - - - - -
 Biowaste 7.2 2.7;18.9 <0.001 13.2 5.3;33.1 <0.001 10.0 3.4;29.2 <0.001 62.1 16.8;229.4 <0.001 9.9 2.9;33.4 <0.001
 Electronics and hazardousd 9.6 4.6;22.2 <0.001 2.5 1.2;4.9 0.012 - - - - - - - - -
 Metal/plastic/glass 4.6 2.1;9.9 <0.001 9.5 4.6;19.6 <0.001 4.6 1.9;11.0 0.001 746.7 256.5;2173.8 <0.001 14.1 5.2;38.3 <0.001
 Mixede 12.3 5.9;25.4 <0.001 7.7 3.8;15.6 <0.001 3.9 1.7;9.4 0.002 16.8 6.0;47.4 <0.001 3.9 1.5;10.3 0.006

aUnadjusted model including the random effect of worker.

bLess than 10 observations. The number of participants and samples are displayed in Table 1 and Table 2.

cPrimary. For repeated measurements, a person can appear in two categories. We only collected microorganisms from participants working with waste fractions that have been in contact with organic material (primarily fractions that used to contain food).

dClassified as hazardous waste, e.g. light bulbs, paint, and spray cans.

eMore than one fraction of waste fraction, including working at a recycling station.