Table 2.

Summary of report on the production of apigenin-based NPs, particle size and their importance in increasing bioavailability.

Delivery system	Advantages	Disadvantages	Application	Reference
Traditional emulsion	Enhance chemical stability, antioxidant activity and bioavailability of the active compounds.	Culation or aggregation (to a large extent); larger particles.	In energy drinks, dairy products; food ingredients.	(90–92)
Nanoemulsion	Low surfactant; dynamic stability; the bioavailability of the active compounds was significantly improved.	Flocculate or coalesce (to a lesser extent).	Drug delivery and targeted therapy.	(93, 94)
Micelles and microemulsions	Thermodynamic stability.	Recipitation; high level surfactant is required.	Energy drinks; natural colorant.	(95)
Nanostructure lipid carrier	Avoid organic solvents; improve the bioavailability of apigenin; change the transport mechanism of apigenin in biofilm.	Difficult in mass production and supply of raw materials.	Anticancer apigenin carriers, apigenin extracts substitute; lipophilic nutrition health food, functional food.	(96, 97)
Hydrogel	It can maintain a certain shape, absorb a lot of water; strong antibacterial activity; non-toxic and highly biocompatible; good release control ability of apigenin.	There is little research in the field of food.	May be used as packaging materials for foods with high water content.	(95, 98)
Liposome	High biocompatibility; improve targeting; improve the bioavailability and stability of apigenin.	The preparation cost is high and the production process is relatively complex.	Drug delivery and targeted therapy.	(99, 100)