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. 2023 Jul 12;20(8):3975–3986. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00125

Table 2. The Freeze-Drying Protocol Employed for Mb and LDH Formulations*.

phase description temperature, °C time, min pressure, Pa
1 loading 20    
2 cooling –45 217  
3 holding –45 120  
4 vacuum –45   10
4 primary drying – ramp –25 40 10
5 primary drying – holding –25 * 10
6 secondary drying – ramp 20 240 10
7 secondary drying – holding 20 300 10
*

as indicated by the comparative Baratron/Pirani pressure measurement.26