Table 5.

Parameter estimates of 2‑group latent basis growth mixture model

	Group 1				Group 2
	Estimate	SE	CR	p	Estimate	SE	CR	p
Latent variable means
Intercept mean $\left({\alpha }_{\mu }\right)$	72.632	0.143	508.509	***	72.745	0.266	273.412	***
Slope $\left({\beta }_{\mu }\right)$	6.274	0.015	412.753	***	5.919	0.025	234.251	***
Time-invariant covariate
Intercept < –- Gender (Female)	− 2.12	0.144	− 14.71	***	− 1.661	0.248	− 6.695	***
Slope < –- Gender (Female)	− 0.178	0.015	− 11.481	***	− 0.071	0.024	− 3.023	0.003
Country < –- Ethiopia (Reference group)
Intercept < –- India	0.01	0.181	0.057	0.954	1.286	0.295	4.359	***
Intercept < –- Peru	− 0.61	0.189	− 3.237	0.001	0.723	0.284	2.547	0.011
Intercept < –- Vietnam	− 0.216	0.184	− 1.171	0.241	1.128	0.278	4.059	***
Slope < –- India	− 0.146	0.019	− 7.537	***	− 0.117	0.028	− 4.168	***
Slope < –- Peru	0.043	0.02	2.109	0.035	0.07	0.027	2.582	0.01
Slope < –- Vietnam	0.092	0.02	4.631	***	0.171	0.026	6.494	***
Latent variance–covariance
Intercept variance	11.934	0.435	27.427	***	14.232	0.699	20.368	***
Slope variance	0.136	0.005	27.699	***	0.127	0.006	21.32	***
Intercept < –- Slope	− 0.045	0.036	− 1.267	0.205	− 0.184	0.052	− 3.541	***
Slope factor loadings
Time 1	0 (fixed)				0 (fixed)
Time 2	5.189	0.009	590.018	***	5.765	0.013	440.033	***
Time 3	7.718	0.009	895.078	***	8.543	0.013	633.347	***
Time 4	11.032	0.009	1217.075	***	12.759	0.012	1032.696	***
Time 5	14 (fixed)				14 (fixed)

^***p < 0.0001