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. 2023 Jun 26;11(6):e006698. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006698

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Influence of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) on immune cell infiltration in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME). (A) Representative brightfield multiplex immunohistochemistry images comparing the infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD20+ B cells and CD69+ cells in TME between TLS (+) samples (n=80) and TLS (−) samples (n=300) in the surgery alone (SA) group; TLSs are circled with dotted red lines; red arrows indicate examples of positively stained cells; scale bar: 100 µm. (B) Boxplots comparing the densities of infiltrated immune cells in TME between TLS (+) samples (n=80) and TLS (−) samples (n=300) in the SA group; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ns: not significant. (C) Boxplots comparing the densities of infiltrated immune cells between TLS (+) samples (n=21) and TLS (−) samples (n=115) in the neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) group. (D) Boxplots comparing the densities of infiltrated immune cells between SA-TLS (+) samples (n=80) and NAT-TLS (+) samples (n=21). (E) Boxplots comparing the densities of infiltrated immune cells between SA-TLS (−) samples (n=300) and NAT-TLS (−) samples (n=115).