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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 9.
Published in final edited form as: Def Peace Econ. 2017 Jul 12;29:10.1080/10242694.2017.1349633. doi: 10.1080/10242694.2017.1349633

Table 2.

Psychiatric disorders and breathing-related sleep disorder by insomnia diagnosis.

Comorbidity Total (N = 2304) Insomnia diagnosis Analysis
Yes (N = 130) No (N = 2174) Test statistic p
Psychiatric disorders
Adjustment χ2(1) = 1.03 0.309
 Yes 238 (10.3) 10 (4.2) 228 (95.8)
 No 2066 (89.7) 120 (5.8) 1946 (94.2)
Anxiety χ2(1) = 2.66 0.103
 Yes 365 (15.8) 14 (3.8) 351 (96.2)
 No 1939 (84.2) 116 (6.0) 1823 (94.0)
Bipolar χ2(1) = 2.01 0.156
 Yes 203 (8.8) 7 (3.4) 196 (96.6)
 No 2101 (91.2) 123 (5.9) 1978 (94.1)
Depression χ2(1) = 0.27 0.600
 Yes 430 (18.7) 22 (5.1) 408 (94.9)
 No 1874 (81.3) 108 (5.8) 1766 (94.2)
Alcohol/Substance χ2(1) = 0.04 0.836
 Yes 261 (11.3) 14 (5.4) 247 (94.6)
 No 2043 (88.7) 116 (5.7) 1927 (94.3)
N Axis I Co-morbidities 0.65 ± 0.85 0.52 ± 0.91 0.66 ± 0.85 U(1) = 7.02 0.008
N Axis I Co-morbidities χ2(3) = 9.73 0.021
 0 1266 (54.9) 88 (7.0) 1178 (93.0)
 1 683 (29.6) 25 (3.7) 658 (96.3)
 2 265 (11.5) 12 (4.5) 253 (95.5)
 3+ 90 (3.9) 5 (5.6) 85 (94.4)
Breathing-related sleep disorder χ2(1) = 12.7 <0.001
 Yes 385 (16.7) 7 (1.8) 378 (98.2)
 No 1919 (83.3) 123 (6.4) 1796 (93.6)

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD and N (%N). All comorbidities diagnosed prior to diagnosis of insomnia.