Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study (year) | Sample size (I/C), Gender (male/female), Age (I/C) | Type of cancer | Type of surgery | Intervetion | Control | Treatment duration | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang Y et al. (2022) (9) | 125/123, 153/95, 60.2 ± 11.0/60.2 ± 11.8 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | EA plus ERAS | ERAS | 4 consecutive days after surgery | TFD, TFF, AE |
| Yang JW et al (2022) (22) |
35/35, 48/22, 60.7 ± 12.7/60.7 ± 10.5 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | EA plus ERAS | ERAS | 4 consecutive days after surgery or until discharge | TFD, TFF, AE |
| NG SSM et al (2013) (8) |
55/55, 68/42, 67.4 ± 9.7/67.4 ± 10.7 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | EA plus CC | CC | 4 consecutive days after surgery | TFD, TFF, AE |
| Zhang ZD et al (2014) (23) |
19/20, 22/17, 63.0± 9.0/60.0 ± 10.0 |
Colonrectal cancer | Open | EA plus CC | CC | 4 consecutive days after surgery | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Long Y et al (2021) (24) |
30/30, 32/28, 63.5 ± 14.4/61.8 ± 11.9 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | EA plus CC | CC | 5 consecutive postoperative days or until passing flatus | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Zhu WJ et al (2021) (25) |
43/43, 58/28, 61.0 ± 11.0/60.0 ± 12.0 |
Colon cancer | NR | EA plus ERAS | ERAS | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF |
| Liang ZX et al (2020) (26) |
60/60, 67/53, 59.5 ± 10.8/57.2 ± 12.2 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | MA plus ERAS | ERAS | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR, QOL |
| Wang XZ et al (2022) (27) |
30/30, 35/25, 66.1 ± 15.9/63.6 ± 11.6 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | MA plus CC | CC | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR, AE |
| Zhang K et al (2022) (28) |
30/30, 30/30, NR |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | MA plus CC | CC | 3 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Li DX et al (2018) (29) |
42/40, 49/33, 65.4 ± 13.3/65.0 ± 11.4 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | MA plus ERAS | ERAS | Starting on postoperative day until the first defecation, first flatus, and first bowel sounds |
TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Xie JL et al (2014) (30) |
45/45, 49/41, 59.5 ± 16.8/59.5 ± 16.8 |
Rectal cancer | NR | MA plus CC | CC | 7 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF |
| Tong WY et al (2014) (31) |
42/42, 50/34, 58.6 ± 15.1/59.2± 14.7 |
Rectal cancer | Open | MA plus ERAS | ERAS | NR | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Zhang SY et al (2011) (32) |
35/35, 52/18, NR |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | MA plus CC | CC | 10 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Wang Y et al (2019) (33) |
20/20, 20/20, 62.5 ± 6.9/63.9 ± 6.9 |
Rectal cancer | NR | EA plus CC | CC | 10 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Xue YL et al (2020) (34) |
35/35, 36/34, 59.5 ± 13.8/63.5 ± 7.9 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | EA plus ERAS | ERAS | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, AE |
| Li Y et al (2017) (35) |
30/30, 34/26, 65.8 ± 9.8/65.6 ± 8.4 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic or open |
EA plus CC | CC | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF |
| Sun H et al (2021) (36) |
42/42, 47/37, 59.1 ± 1.4/59.3 ± 1.6 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | MA plus CC | CC | 15 consecutive postoperative days | AE |
| Li WX et al (2021) (37) |
40/40, 40/40, 61.0 ± 5.8/61.4 ± 6.5 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | EA plus CC | CC | From 30 min before anesthetic induction to the operation finished | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Yang JJ et al (2011) (38) |
31/29, 39/23, 60.9 ± 6.6/62.0 ± 7.0 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | EA plus CC | CC | Starting on postoperative day until the first defecation, then 3 consecutive days |
TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Zhou Y et al (2021) (39) |
40/40, 46/34, 59.5 ± 10.5/59.3 ± 9.7 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | EA plus CC | CC | 7 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR, AE |
| Xiao C et al (2014) (40) |
30/30, 32/28, 55.9 ± 10.5/54.6 ± 10.3 |
Colonrectal cancer | Open | EA plus CC | CC | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Wang HM et al (2011) (41) |
15/15, 20/10, 60.4 ± 11.0/58.0 ± 10.2 |
Colonrectal cancer | Open | MA plus ERAS | ERAS | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Xiao C et al (2016) (42) |
12/12, 15/9, 60.7 ± 10.6/56.7 ± 13.7 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | MA plus CC | CC | 5 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF |
| Si JG et al (2015) (43) |
25/25, NR, NR |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | EA plus CC | CC | Starting on postoperative day until the first flatus |
TFF, TBSR |
| Niu CF et al (2008) (44) |
16/16, 21/11, NR |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | EA plus CC | CC | NR | TFF |
| Xiao L et al (2016) (45) |
30/30, 33/27, 67.4 ± 16.4/68.5 ± 17.2 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | MA plus CC | CC | 14 consecutive postoperative days | TFF |
| Wang TY et al (2018) (46) |
20/19, 21/18, 48.6 ± 6.1/51.4 ± 6.3 |
Colonrectal cancer | Open | EA plus CC | CC | 2 consecutive preoperative days, 30 min before operation, 1 postoperative days | TFD, TFF |
| Mai SC et al (2017) (47) |
20/20, 23/17, 52.0 ± 5.0/51.0 ± 1.0 |
Colonrectal cancer | Open | EA plus CC | CC | 1 preoperative days, 30 min before operation | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Meng ZQ et al (2010) (48) |
44/41, 47/38, 54.3/53.1 |
Colon cancer | NR | EA plus CC | CC | 6 consecutive postoperative days or until the first bowel movement | TFD, TFF, QOL, AE |
| Gao W et al (2021) (15) |
42/40, 49/33, 65.4 ± 13.3/65.0 ± 11.4 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic or open |
TEAS plus CC | CC | The first time was after operation, then 3 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF, TBSR, AE |
| Feng DH et al (2020) (49) |
28/32, 32/28, 66.3 ± 8.6/65.8 ± 5.7 |
Colon cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | 2 consecutive preoperative days, 30 min before operation | TFF |
| Wang D et al (2021) (50) |
34/34, 47/21, 63.0 ± 7.6/62.8 ± 6.3 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | 6 hours after operation, then 3 consecutive postoperative days | TFD, TFF |
| Huang W et al (2018) (51) |
32/35, 37/30, 59.8 ± 11.6/59.1 ± 12.1 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus ERAS | ERAS | From 30 min before anesthetic induction to the operation finished | TFF |
| Cai WB et al (2021) (52) |
47/47, 56/38, 56.5 ± 9.7/57.4 ± 10.4 |
Rectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | From 30 min before anesthetic induction to the operation finished | TFF |
| Ren ZQ et al (2021) (53) |
30/30, 35/25, 43.5 ± 6.2/43.1 ± 6.5 |
Rectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | 30 min before anesthetic induction and anesthetic resuscitation | TFD, TFF |
| Song YL et al (2020) (54) |
46/46, 59/33, 61.5 ± 7.2/60.1 ± 6.8 |
Rectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | From 30 min before anesthetic induction to the operation finished | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Xu YX et al (2006) (55) |
30/30, 34/26, 63.3/58.6 |
Rectal cancer | NR | TEAS plus CC | CC | 6 hours after operation, then Repeat treatment every 12 hours for 3consecutive days | TFD, TFF, TBSR |
| Yue S et al (2021) (56) |
40/40, 45/35, 62.2 ± 7.5/63.8 ± 7.0 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | From 30 min before anesthetic induction to the operation finished | TFF |
| Fu HF et al (2022) (57) |
25/21, 31/15, 62.0 ± 10.8/59.8 ± 10.6 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | From 30 min before anesthetic induction, lasting 30min | TFF, AE |
| Zhang HL et al (2020) (58) |
45/45, 59/31, 64.0 ± 12.0/65.0 ± 11.0 |
Colonrectal cancer | NR | TEAS plus CC | CC | 30 min after anesthetic resuscitation, then 3 consecutive postoperative days |
TFF, TBSR |
| Xu B et al (2021) (59) |
36/36, 37/35, 57.0 ± 4.1/56.9 ± 4.2 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | From 30 min before anesthetic induction to the operation finished | TFD, TFF, TBSR, AE |
| Wei QL et al (2019) (60) |
52/52, 61/43, 60.2 ± 9.7/60.2 ± 9.8 |
Colonrectal cancer | Laparoscopic | TEAS plus CC | CC | Starting on postoperative day until the first defecation and first flatus |
TFD, TFF, TBSR |
I/C, Intervention group/Control group; MA, manual acupuncture; EA, electroacupuncture; TEAS, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation; CC, conventional care; ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery; TFD, time to first defecation; TFF, time to first flatus; TBSR, time to bowel sounds recovery; QOL, quality of life; AE, adverse events; NR, not reported.