Table 2. Key points in the relationship between chronic kidney disease and pre-eclampsia.

PE can increase the risk of CKD and CVD later in life. PE is an early stress test for CKD diagnosis. The history of PE should be an early detection indicator of CKD. PE is associated with long-term microalbuminuria and persistent proteinuria. Women who had PE have higher incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension later in life. Renal evaluation at the beginning of prenatal care could diagnose previously CKD.

PE: pre-eclampsia; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease.