Table 2. Snakes species with neurotoxic (Postsynaptic) effects in humans [23, 24].

Species	Habitat/habit	Other toxins	Clinical manifestation	Antivenom availability
Forest Cobra (Naja melanoleuca)**	Forest, around inhabited areas and near water	Cardiotoxins	Ptosis, cranial nerve palsies, bulbar and respiratory paralysis (moderate to severe flaccid paralysis). Local effects: pain, severe swelling, bruising, blistering, necrosis	FAV-Afrique, SAIMR Polyvalent Antivenom, Antivipmyn Africa, Bivalent Naja / Walterinnesia Snake Antivenom, SAIMR Snakebite Kit
Black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis)*	Moist savanna and Nocturnal	Necrotoxins+, Cardiotoxins	Flaccid paralysis, severe swelling, bruising, blistering, necrosis, venom spit ophthalmia: kerato-conjuctivitis, corneal ulceration	Bivalent Naja / Walterinnesia Snake Antivenom, Antivipmyn Africa, Pan-African antivenom (EchiTAb-Plus-ICP), Polyvalent Snake Venom Antiserum,FAV-Afrique, Favirept
West African brown spitting cobra (Naja katiensis)*	Savanna, Diurnal, & arboreal	Cardiotoxins	Moderate to severe flaccid paralysis Severe swelling, bruising, blistering and necrosis Venom spit ophthalmia: kerato-conjuctivitis, corneal ulceration	Bivalent Naja / Walterinnesia Snake Antivenom, Antivipmyn Africa
Senegalese cobra (Naja senegalensis)*	Savanna, riparian forests	Myotoxins+ Cardiotoxins Necrotoxins+	Moderate to severe flaccid paralysis Severe swelling, bruising, blistering and necrosis	FAV-Afrique
Gold’s tree cobra (Pseudohaje goldii)**	Forest, woodland, near watercourses, Arboreal & diurnal	unknown	Insufficient data	None presently
Black Tree Cobra (Pseudohaje nigra)**	Forest, woodland, near watercourses, Arboreal & diurnal	unknown	Insufficient data	None presently
Western Green Mamba (Dendroaspis viridis)*	Forest, thicket and woodland, farms, Diurnal, arboreal	Dendrotoxins Fasciculins	Flaccid paralysis, neuroexcitation, increased sweating, salivation	FAV-Afrique, Antivipmyn Africa

[+ = present but not defined

* = WHO category 1—Highest medically important venomous snakes

** = WHO category 2—Secondary medically important highly venomous snakes]