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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2023 Feb 21;363:114354. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114354

Table 2.

Exploratory behavior of pigs during the test trial of the novel object recognition (NOR) task; comparison of pre induction and post induction time-points in hydrocephalic pigs.

Time-point
Behavioral Measures Pre induction Post induction Pooled SEM1 p-value2
Recognition Index 0.598† 0.586† 0.039 0.822
Exploration of the novel object
 Object visit time, s 47.75 86.57 10.79 *0.009
 Number of object visits 8.3 7.2 0.87 0.353
 Mean object visit time, s 6.57 13.59 1.88 *0.007
 Latency to first object visit, s 24.39 33.3 7.99 0.407
 Latency to last object visit, s 248.45 242.7 11.18 0.701
Exploration of the sample object
 Object visit time, s 28.8 52.36 6.46 *0.009
 Number of object visits 6.8 6.4 0.5 0.560
 Mean object visit time, s/visit 4.29 9.36 1.37 *0.007
 Latency to first object visit, s 27.93 32.77 9.78 0.712
 Latency to last object visit, s 240.92 235.69 11.97 0.745
Exploration of both objects
 Total object visit time, s 76.56 138.92 13.96 *0.002
 Number of object visits 15.1 13.6 1.06 0.297
 Mean object visit time, s/visit 5.29 11.23 1.33 *0.002
 Latency to first object visit, s 7.3 9.46 3.4 0.635
 Latency to last object visit, s 272.82 267.65 6.17 0.532
†

Recognition index value is different (P < 0.05) from that of chance (0.50).

1

Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of mean.

2

P-value for the overall 1-way ANOVA, which included a single fixed effect of time-point.