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. 2023 Aug 9;3(8):e0001542. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001542

Table 4. Implementation strategies’ themes identified in the thematic analysis by building blocks of implementation of Early Childhood Development Programs.

Building blocks of implementation Implementation Strategies Themes Programs reporting
n %
Program Emergence IS1.1 Governance and Leadership 24 73%
IS1.2 Multilevel Networks 28 85%
IS1.3 Funding 32 97%
IS1.4 Scaling Process 20 61%
IS1.5 Integration into ECD system 25 76%
Intersectoriality IS2.1 Coordination and Communication 14 42%
IS2.2 Intervention Characteristics 25 76%
IS2.3 Intersectoral Targeting 12 36%
IS2.4 Intersectoral Workforce 18 55%
IS2.5 Delivery Sites and Networks 15 45%
Intervention Characteristics IS3.1 Intervention Delivery 32 97%
IS3.2 Intervention Setting 32 97%
IS3.3 Dose and Frequency 24 73%
IS3.4 Design Approach 32 97%
IS3.5 Materials 30 91%
IS3.6 Caregiver Engagement 15 45%
IS3.7 Supplementary program activities 21 64%
IS3.8 Responsive Teaching 15 45%
Workforce IS4.1 Workforce recruitment 32 97%
IS4.2 Implementation Agent Training 32 97%
IS4.3 Job Satisfaction 11 33%
IS4.4 Compensation and Contracts 16 48%
IS4.5 Caseload 13 39%
IS4.6 Workforce Characteristics 21 64%
IS4.7 Community Integration 20 61%
Training IS5.1 Training manuals and protocols 23 70%
IS5.2 Training Skills 17 52%
IS5.3 Continuing Education 17 52%
IS5.4 Training Leadership 16 48%
IS5.5 Training Design 29 88%
IS5.6 Institutionalization 7 21%
Monitoring System IS6.1 Supportive Mentoring 25 76%
IS6.2 Standardized Data Collection Tools 31 94%
IS6.3 Data-Informed Decision Making 20 61%
IS6.4 Supervisor Training 18 55%
IS6.5 Supervisor Caseload 11 33%
IS6.6 Impact Measurement 30 91%