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Schematic of COX-2/mPGES-1/EP4 axis regulation of recovery from ischaemia. (A) After femoral artery ligation, expression of COX-2/mPGES-1-derived PGE2 and SDF-1 was enhanced. CXCR4+ Tregs accumulated in ischaemic tissue. (B) PGE2 bound to the EP4 receptor on CXCR4+ Tregs and promoted production of TGF-β. (C) Under hypoxic conditions, Tregs enhanced TGF-β expression via mPGES-1/PGE2-EP4 signalling.
