TABLE 3.
Surgical Treatment in Different Etiology in Patients With TSCI, by Sex
| Males (%) | Females (%) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | No. patients | Total | High falls | Low falls | Traffic accidents | Struck by falling objects | Sport-related injury | Total | High falls | Low falls | Traffic accidents | Struck by balling objects | Sport-related injury | P * |
| Treatment method | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | <0.05 |
| Conservative | 3412 (25.3) | 2534 (24.9) | 596 (19.0) | 753 (26.4) | 655 (26.6) | 162 (23.2) | 32 (34.4) | 878 (26.8) | 143 (17.6) | 331 (27.7) | 259 (33.1) | 17 (16.5) | 16 (29.1) | — |
| Surgery | 10053 (74.7) | 7662 (75.1) | 2545 (81.0) | 2100 (73.6) | 1804 (73.4) | 535 (76.8) | 61 (65.6) | 2391 (73.2) | 669 (82.4) | 865 (72.3) | 524 (66.9) | 86 (83.5) | 39 (70.9) | — |
| Total | 13465 (100.0) | 10196 (100.0) | 3141 (100.0) | 2853 (100.0) | 2459 (100.0) | 697 (100.0) | 93 (100.0) | 3269 (100.0) | 812 (100.0) | 1196 (100.0) | 783 (100.0) | 103 (100.0) | 55 (100.0) | — |
| Surgical approach | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | <0.01 |
| Anterior | 3306 (33.3) | 2619 (34.5) | 625 (24.9) | 853 (40.9) | 760 (42.5) | 131 (24.6) | 23 (38.3) | 687 (29.2) | 135 (20.5) | 275 (32.2) | 184 (35.9) | 18 (20.9) | 5 (12.8) | — |
| Posterior | 6078 (61.2) | 4598 (60.6) | 1763 (70.3) | 1124 (53.9) | 952 (53.3) | 375 (70.5) | 32 (53.3) | 1480 (62.9) | 501 (75.9) | 489 (57.3) | 292 (56.9) | 64 (74.4) | 28 (71.8) | — |
| Combination of anterior and posterior | 329 (3.3) | 261 (3.4) | 89 (3.6) | 62 (3.0) | 63 (3.5) | 22 (4.1) | 3 (5.0) | 68 (2.9) | 22 (3.3) | 17 (2.0) | 22 (4.3) | 4 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| Minimally invasive | 219 (2.2) | 100 (1.3) | 29 (1.2) | 45 (2.2) | 11 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (3.3) | 119 (5.1) | 2 (0.3) | 73 (8.5) | 15 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (15.4) | — |
| Total | 9936 (100.0) | 7582 (100.0) | 2507 (100.0) | 2085 (100.0) | 1787 (100.0) | 532 (100.0) | 60 (100.0) | 2354 (100.0) | 660 (100.0) | 854 (100.0) | 513 (100.0) | 86 (100.0) | 39 (100.0) | — |
| Missing | 117 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Surgery timing † | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.43 |
| Sec. 1 | ||||||||||||||
| < 24 h | 284 (2.8) | 211 (2.8) | 85 (3.3) | 42 (2.0) | 42 (2.3) | 29 (5.4) | 1 (1.6) | 73 (3.1) | 35 (5.3) | 14 (1.6) | 15 (2.9) | 7 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| Sec. 2 | ||||||||||||||
| ≥24 | ||||||||||||||
| <4.0 days | 2471 (24.7) | 1865 (24.4) | 771 (30.3) | 409 (19.6) | 389 (21.6) | 149 (28.0) | 14 (23.0) | 606 (25.5) | 202 (30.4) | 178 (20.7) | 143 (27.3) | 29 (33.7) | 6 (15.4) | — |
| 4.0–11.9 d | 5030 (50.2) | 3911 (51.2) | 1260 (49.5) | 1137 (54.3) | 921 (51.2) | 247 (46.3) | 27 (44.3) | 1119 (47.1) | 335 (50.4) | 404 (47.0) | 237 (45.3) | 42 (48.8) | 13 (33.3) | <0.01 |
| >11.9 d | 2519 (25.1) | 1866 (24.4) | 513 (20.2) | 546 (26.1) | 488 (27.1) | 137 (25.7) | 20 (32.8) | 653 (27.5) | 128 (19.2) | 277 (32.2) | 143 (27.3) | 15 (17.4) | 20 (51.3) | — |
| Total | 10020 (100.0) | 7642 (100.0) | 2544 (100.0) | 2092 (100.0) | 1798 (100.0) | 533 (100.0) | 61 (100.0) | 2378 (100.0) | 665 (100.0) | 859 (100.0) | 523 (100.0) | 86 (100.0) | 39 (100.0) | — |
| Missing | 33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
*
P-values refer to the overall significant difference between males and females.
†
“Surgery timing” represented the time from injury to surgery (“h” indicates hours, “d” indicates days).
No. indicates number; Sec, section; TSCI, traumatic spinal cord injury.