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. 2023 Jul 19;620(7973):358–365. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06334-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Map of sites and relevant archaeological cultures discussed in the text. Maps were made with Natural Earth (https://naturalearthdata.com). b, PCA of newly reported individuals (coloured symbols with black outline) and relevant published groups (coloured symbols, no outline) projected onto the West Eurasian genetic variation of 1,253 individuals from 77 populations. c, Mean radiocarbon dates of relevant published and newly reported individuals from southeastern Europe plotted according to the regional chronology. The suffixes in the group labels present archaeological time periods and geographical regions: N, Neolithic; EN, MN, LN, Early, Middle, Late Neolithic, respectively; CA, Copper Age; EBA, Early Bronze Age; SEE, southeastern Europe; WHG, EHG, WSHG, CHG, oHG, Western, Eastern, West Siberian, Caucasus, outlier Hunter–Gatherers, respectively.