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. 2023 Aug 2;620(7973):381–385. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06378-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 5 — a, Colony forming units of parental F. prausnitzii DSM 32186 and oxygen tolerant DSM 32379 in mono-culture or co-culture with D. piger DSM 32187 in modified Postgate’s medium (i.e., Postgate’s medium containing 25 mM of glucose; mPGM) after 24 h of growth. p = 0.00000073 (DSM 32186), p = 0.00000022 (DSM 32379). b, Metabolite profiles of F. prausnitzii DSM 32379 and D. piger DSM 32187 as mono-cultures or co-culture in mPGM after 24 h of growth. Glucose: p = 0.0000008 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. D. piger), p = 0.0000012 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. F. prausnitzii); lactate: p = 0.0000000001 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. D. piger), p = 0.0000000013 (F. prausnitzii vs. D. piger), p = 0.00018 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. F. prausnitzii); acetate: p = 0.000005 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. D. piger), p = 0.0000015 (F. prausnitzii vs. D. piger), p = 0.012 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. F. prausnitzii); butyrate: p = 0.0000007 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. D. piger), p = 0.0000007 (F. prausnitzii + D. piger vs. F. prausnitzii); mM change on the y-axis indicates difference from inoculated medium at baseline. n = 3 independent experiments. ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05 as determined by two-tailed t-test (a) or one-way ANOVA (b) Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m.