a, b CXCL12- and VUF11207-induced βarr2 recruitment, respectively, to the indicated phosphorylation site mutants of CXCR7 using the Tango assay (mean ± SEM); n = 4–6 independent experiments; i.e., for CXCL12: WT, S350A, T352A, S355A, S350A + T352A, T352A + S355A, and Cluster2, n = 6; S350A + S355A, n = 4; for VUF11207-induced βarr2 recruitment: WT, S350A, T352A, S355A, S350A + T352A, T352A + S355A, and Cluster2, n = 6; S350A + S355A, n = 4; normalized with luminescence signal at maximal ligand dose for wild-type treated as 100%, Two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. The exact p-values are: for CXCL12-induced βarr2 recruitment; WT vs. S350A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. T352A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. Cluster2 (p < 0.0001). For VUF11207; WT vs. S350A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. T352A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. Cluster2 (p < 0.0001). c, d CXCL12- and VUF11207-induced βarr2 recruitment, respectively, to the indicated phosphorylation site mutants of CXCR7 using the NanoBiT assay (mean ± SEM); n = 3 independent experiments; normalized with luminescence signal at maximal ligand dose for wild-type treated as 100%, Two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. The exact p-values are: for CXCL12; WT vs. S350A (p = 0.9994), WT vs. T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S355A (p = 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. T352A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. Cluster2 (p < 0.0001). For VUF11207; WT vs. S350A (p = 0.8957), WT vs. T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + T352A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. T352A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. S350A + S355A (p < 0.0001), WT vs. Cluster2 (p < 0.0001) (***p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns non-significant). Source data are provided as a source data file.