Skip to main content
. 2023 Mar 14;48(3):275–297. doi: 10.1007/s10484-023-09582-6

Table 2.

HRVB intervention and reporting quality checklist

HRVB methodological guidelines Considered Reported
(0) Pre-Registration or Registration
(1) Sample
Power analysis: calculation of the minimum sample size to obtain an appropriate effect size.
Biological sex: number of women and men per group
Age: mean age for each group
Condition: e.g. students, cardiovascular patients or suffering from obesity
Weight (optional): mean weight for each group
Height (optional): mean height for each group
(2) Allocation
Recruitment of participants/patients/clients to the study
Compensation for participating in the study (payment, credits, holidays, etc.)
Inclusion and exclusion criteria assessed and explained
Awarenessor suspicion of participants of the experimental group assignation
Random (optional): assignation
(3) Missing participants and missing data
Initial sample: once the participants have agreed to participate or come to the first session
Final sample: participants included for the data analysis
Causes for losing participants/patients (optionally use a diagram)
Missing data for the statistical analysis
(4) Breathing protocol
Type of HRVB intervention based on the category of breathing technique. The type of intervention determines which items need to be completed
Resonance Frequency detection (optional): details about the establishment of the individual resonance frequency (RF). This item also includes when and how many times the RF was detected across the entire HRVB intervention
Mean of the Resonance Frequency (optional) for the experimental group
“Preset or fixed” Resonance Frequency (optional): for the “preset-pace” or slow-breathing intervention
Control of breathing rate (optional): for intervention with a collective or individual resonance frequency. E.g. use of a respirometer
Inhalation, holding and exhalation seconds for each breathing cycle
(5) Breathing intervention
Number of laboratory sessions of the HRVB intervention
Minutes at the laboratory actually breathing (not doing other experimental tasks)
Number of home-practice sessions (optional)
Minutes per each home-practice session (optional)
Control assessment for the home-practice sessions (optional)
(6) Conditions of the intervention
Laboratory conditions: ambient light
Laboratory conditions: temperature of the room
Laboratory conditions: body position
Laboratory conditions: time of day
Laboratory conditions: number of participants at the same time
Laboratory conditions (optional): smell/aroma, humidity and eyes (closed or open)
Home-practice sessions (optional): like time of day, ambient conditions, etc.
Recommendations for participants: like caffeine or alcohol intake, minimum hours of sleep, exercise before the session, etc.
Control of the recommendations for participants: how to assess the accomplishment of the previous recommendations and what to do if a participant does not follow them
(7) Equipment
HRVB apparatus: brand, type of metronome, type of biofeedback, is it validated? is it invasive? etc.
HRV apparatus (optional): brand, type of metronome, type of biofeedback, is it validated? is it invasive? etc. for the analysis of heart rate variability
Other apparatus for physiological analysis that can interact with the breathing performance such as a thoracic belt for breathing analysis (e.g. respirometer)

Mark with and X whether you have considered or think about the item before applying the HRVB intervention. Mark with and X whether you have reported each item in the manuscript giving the necessary details