Fig. 3.

The hybrid biocontrol agent FW-1 exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against the kiwifruit pathogens. (A) FW-1 showed similar antibacterial activity as ZK-1. OH11 and ZK-1 were normalized to OD₆₀₀ = 1.0, and mixed at a ratio of 1:1 to make a hybrid biocontrol agent named as FW-1. FW-1 showed a similar area of inhibition with ZK-1 against Psa on LB plates. Three replicates of each sample were analyzed with a t-test. Asterisks indicate significant differences (P < 0.01). (B) FW-1 showed similar antifungal activity as OH11W. FW-1 showed a similar area of inhibition with OH11W against D. actinidiae, C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata on PDA plates. Three replicates of each sample were analyzed with a t-test. Asterisks indicate significant differences (P < 0.01). (C) Co-culture of FW-1 with GFP-labelled Psa resulted in inhibition of Psa growth by FW-1. (D) FW-1 inhibited conidia germination of C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata during co-cultured with fungi conidia.