Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the included studies.
| Author/year |
Sample size |
Anesthesia |
Intervention |
Outcomes |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBT | NSBT | topic | Trainees | SBT |
NSBT |
||||
| Methods | Duration of the training | Methods | Duration of the training | ||||||
| Hall et al. 2005 | 18 | 18 | AM | Intern | Manikin | 10-h per trainee | RP | 15 intubation attempts | SR |
| Wang et al. 2008 | 21 | 21 | CPR | Intern | Manikin + PBL | 6 CPR attempts +1 Manikin | PBL | 6 CPR attempts | TT, ST, TEE (SS, AS, LI) |
| Hallikainen et al. 2009 | 23 | 18 | AI | Intern | Manikin | 1 week of lectures + 3 h instruction | RP | 1 week of lectures + 3 h instruction | SR |
| Bruppacher et al. 2010 | 10 | 10 | CPB | Junior | Manikin | 1 week of lectures + 2 h instruction | ST | 1 week of lectures + 2 h instruction | NTA(CA, PSA, SA) |
| Campos et al. 2011 | 13 | 14 | AM | Postgraduate | Manikin | 45-min per trainee | Video | 14-min long video, maximum of two replays | SR |
| Ferrero et al. 2014 | 21 | 21 | TEE | Residents | Manikin | 45-min per trainee | DT | 45-min per trainee | ST |
| Minai et al. 2014 | 28 | 29 | AM | Intern | SS + Manikin | 10–15 min per trainee | LBL + Observation | 10–15 min per trainee | SR |
| Li et al. 2014 | 16 | 16 | IA | Resident | CBS | 6 lectures | LBL | 6 lectures | TT |
| Lin et al. 2015 | 67 | 67 | PA | Undergraduate | Manikin + CBL | Did not provide | CBL | Did not provide | TT, TEE (SS) |
| Wei et al. 2015 | 29 | 29 | PA | Intern | SS + Manikin + CBL | Did not provide | CBL | Did not provide | TT, ST, TEE (SS) |
| Zou et al.2015 | 50 | 50 | PA | Intern | HFS | 20 lectures | DT | 20 lectures | TT, ST |
| Gong et al. 2016 | 107 | 107 | PA | Undergraduate | Manikin | Did not provide | DT | Did not provide | TT, ST |
| Guan et al. 2016 | 10 | 10 | RA | Resident | Manikin | Did not provide | DT | Did not provide | TT, ST |
| Sheng et al. 2016 | 10 | 10 | RA | Resident | Manikin + Multimedia | Did not provide | Multimedia | Did not provide | TT, ST |
| Wu et al. 2016 | 30 | 30 | CVC | Undergraduate | Manikin + Multimedia | Did not provide | Multimedia | Did not provide | TT |
| Xie et al. 2016 | 10 | 10 | CRM | Junior | Manikin + CBL | Did not provide | CBL | Did not provide | TT, ST |
| Ke et al. 2017 | 50 | 50 | IA | Undergraduate | CBS + LBL | 4 lectures | LBL | 4 lectures | TT, TEE (AS, LI, LE, EU) |
| Zhao et al. 2017 | 20 | 20 | PA | Intern | Manikin | Did not provide | LBL | Did not provide | TT, ST, TEE (SS, AS, LI, LE, EU) |
| Mejíaa et al. 2017 | 16 | 15 | MH | Resident | HFS | A lecture and read 2 complementary literature reviews + one HFS lecture | CBL | A lecture and read 2 complementary literature reviews + one lecture | NTA(CA, PSA, SA) |
| Wei et al. 2018 | 19 | 19 | CRM | Intern, Resident, Junior | HFS | 4 lectures | PBL | 4 lectures | ST, TEE (SS), NTA(CA) |
| Zhong et al. 2018 | 108 | 99 | PA | Undergraduate | SS | Did not provide | DT | Did not provide | TT, ST, TEE (AS, LI, LE) |
| Berger et al. 2019 | 58 | 54 | CPR | Intern | HFS | 30-min per trainee | PBL | 30-min per trainee | SR |
| Su et al. 2019 | 25 | 25 | PA | Intern | HFS + CBL | Did not provide | DT | Did not provide | TT, ST, TEE (SS) |
| Wang et al. 2019 | 36 | 36 | PA | Intern | SS | Did not provide | DT | Did not provide | TT, ST, TEE (SS) |
| Cao et al. 2020 | 24 | 24 | PA | Resident | HFS | 2-h theory + 2-h skill training | DT | 2-h theory + 2-h skill training | SR, TT, NTA(PSA, SA) |
Sample size/Intervention: SBT, simulation-based training; NSBT, non-simulation based training; Anesthesia topic: AM, airway management; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; AI, anesthesia induction; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; IA, inhalation anesthesia; PA, perioperative anesthesia; RA, regional anesthesia; CVC, central venous catheterization; CRM, crisis resource management; MH, malignant hyperthermia; Trainees: Junior, junior anesthesiologist; Intervention: PBL, problem-based learning; SS, scenario simulation; CBS, computer-based simulation; LBL, lecture-based training; CBL, case-based learning; HFS, high-fidelity simulator; DT, didactic training; Outcomes: SR, success rate; TT, theory test; ST, skill test; TEE, teaching effect evaluation; SS, satisfaction survey for teaching; AS, analytic skill in clinical setting; LI, learning interest; LE, learning efficiency; EU, easy to understand; NTA, non-technical ability; CA, cooperative ability; PSA, problem solving ability; SA, situational awareness.