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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 10.
Published in final edited form as: Traffic Inj Prev. 2022 May 26;23(6):346–351. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2076282

Table 1.

Comparison of distraction type among pedestrians by type of location.

Campus (n = 272) Downtown (n = 1283) Schools (n = 169) Entertainment (n = 1524) χ 2 p-value*
Any distraction (%) 144 (52.9) 457 (35.6) 66 (39.1) 247 (16.2) 235.50 <0.0001
 Talking (%) 60 (22.1) 210 (16.4) 23 (13.6) 88 (5.8) 107.46 <0.0001
 Texting (%) 35 (12.9) 99 (7.7) 16 (9.5) 51 (3.3) 50.39 <0.0001
 Headphones (%) 46 (16.9) 84 (6.5) 16 (9.5) 11 (0.7) 158.35 <0.0001
 Eating (%) 2 (0.7) 6 (0.5) 5 (3.0) 4 (0.3) 21.55 <0.0001
 Reading (%) 1 (0.4) 12 (0.9) 2 (1.2) 7 (0.5) 3.38 0.3371
 Other (%) 8 (2.9) 77 (6.0) 15 (8.9) 90 (5.9) 7.05 0.0703
*

Estimated from a chi-square test.