Table 6.
Study characteristics of the bed or mattress sensors categorya.
| Study, year | Digital tool | OSAb definition | Sample size, n (group type: D=derivation group, V=validation group) | OSA prevalence, n (%) | Area under the curve, (95% CI) | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) |
| Agatsuma et al [16], 2009 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHIc≥5; AHI≥15; AHI≥30d | 201 (D); 165 (V) | —e | — | 100 (—); 100 (—); 92 (—)d |
41 (—); 90 (—); 98 (—)d |
| Tenhunen et al [52], 2013 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI>5; AHI>15d; AHI>30 | 157 (D) | — | — | 77 (—); 95 (—)d; 94 (—) |
81 (—); 92 (—)d; 82 (—) |
| Zhang et al [29], 2013f | Smart pillow + oximeter | — | 40 (D) | 40 (100) | — | — | — |
| Tsukahara et al [30], 2014 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI≥20 | 101 (D) | — | — | 90 (—) | 90 (—) |
| Hwang et al [46], 2014 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI >5; AHI>15d; AHI>20 | 32 (D) | 26 (81) | 0.98 (—); 0.99 (—)d; 0.98 (—) |
100 (—); 100 (—)d; 92 (—) |
75 (—); 92 (—)d; 92 (—) |
| Norman et al [50], 2014 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI≥5; AHI≥15; AHI≥30d | 43 (D) | 35 (81) | 0.94 (—); 0.97 (—); 1.00 (—)d |
94 (—); 88 (—); 100 (—)d |
77 (—); 91 (—); 96 (—)d |
| Mora et al [48], 2015 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI≥5 | 24 (D) | 13 (54) | — | — | — |
| Meng et al [47], 2016 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI≥5d; AHI≥15; AHI≥30 | 131 (D) | — |
0.98 (—)d; 0.98 (—); 0.98 (—) |
95 (—)c; 90 (—); 90 (—) |
100 (—)d; 97 (—); 95 (—) |
| Davidovich et al [45], 2016 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI≥15 | 96 (D) | 64 (67) | — | 88 (—) | 89 (—) |
| Mosquera-Lopez et al [49], 2019 | Under-the-mattress sensor | AHI>5 | 14 (D) | 8 (57) | — | 89 (—) | 77 (—) |
| Sadek et al [51], 2020f | Under-the-mattress sensor | — | 10 (D) | — | — | 57 (—) | 45 (—) |
aIf the study used different clinical cutoff values for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, the results are only presented for the best-achieved cutoff and marked in italics. When external validation was performed, the results are only presented for the validation group. Studies that used event-wise validation are mentioned in a footnote.
bOSA: obstructive sleep apnea.
cAHI: apnea-hypopnea index.
dBest-achieved cutoff.
eNot available.
fUsed event-wise validation.