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. 2023 Jul 25;8(31):28628–28639. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03136

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Fundamental of the vortex separation mechanism in (A) the ECR and (B) the CHC for the same Re. It can be observed that the ECR reaches the whole-cell vortex at a lower flow rate compared to CHC. The predominant forces acting on the particle are depicted before and after entering the reservoir. (C) The balance of wall and shear-induced lift forces across the y and z-axis. (D) The remaining forces cause imbalance and alter the velocity direction. (E) The balance of active forces in CHC. (F) The imbalance of dynamic forces leads to changes in velocity direction.