Table 2.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to IMIP’s ICU with postpartum hemorrhage
| Characteristic | SMO (n = 136) | No SMO (n = 222) | RR | 95%CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean/SD) | 28.2 (7.4) | 25.8 (7.6) | - | - | 0.003 |
| Age ≤ 19 years (n/%) | 19 (13.9) | 51 (22.9) | 0.66 | 0.44–1.00 | 0.03 |
| Age > 35 years (n/%) | 28 (19.8) | 28 (12.6) | 1.36 | 1.00–1.86 | 0.06 |
| Number of pregnancies (median/IQR) a | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | - | - | 0.0009* |
| Number of deliveries (median/IQR) b | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | - | - | 0.0001* |
| Previous parity ≥ 2 (n/%) b | 44 (35.2) | 33 (16.2) | 1.75 | 1.34–2.27 | 0.0001 |
| Gestational age at delivery (median/IQR) | 36.6 (32.4–38.5) | 37.1 (34.2–39.0) | - | - | 0.08* |
| Gestational age ≤ 34 weeks (n/%) c | 30 (36.1) | 39 (23.6) | 1.46 | 1.03–2.08 | 0.04 |
| Gestational age ≥ 41 weeks (n/%) c | 2 (2.3) | 8 (4.9) | 0.56 | 0.16–1.98 | 0.5** |
| Having come from another town or state (n/%) | 62 (50.8) | 102 (49.0) | 1.04 | 0.78–1.38 | 0.75 |
| Delivered elsewhere (n/%) | 56 (41.2) | 57 (25.6) | 1.51 | 1.17–1.96 | 0.002 |
| No steady partner (n/%) d | 18 (24.0) | 58 (37.2) | 0.64 | 0.40–1.01 | 0.04 |
| Education ≤ 8 years of schooling (n/%) e | 31 (46.9) | 70 (47.3) | 0.99 | 0.66–1.48 | 0.96 |
| Black- or brown-skinned (n/%) f | 41 (77.4) | 62 (75.0) | 1.08 | 0.64–1.81 | 0.75 |
| Prenatal visits (median/IQR) g | 6 (4–7) | 6 (4–8) | - | - | 0.95 |
| Prenatal visits < 6 (n/%) g | 25 (51.0) | 51 (46.8) | 1.12 | 0.70–1.79 | 0.62 |
| Gestational age at delivery (median/IQR) h | 36.6 (32.4–38.5) | 37.1 (34.2–39) | - | - | 0.08* |
| Cesarean section at current pregnancy (n/%) i | 91 (68.7) | 142 (65.1) | 1.10 | 0.82–1.48 | 0.49 |
| Previous Cesarean section (n/%) j | 34 (60.7) | 61 (62.2) | 0.95 | 0.62–1.47 | 0.85 |
| Previous history of PPH (n/%) | 3 (2.2) | 3 (1.35) | 1.32 | 0.58–2.97 | 0.67** |
| Induction/acceleration of labor | 8 (5.8) | 32 (14.4) | 0.49 | 0.26–0.93 | 0.012 |
| Fetal weight (mean/SD) | 2514 (1023) | 2674 (892) | - | - | 0.22 |
| Fetal weight > 4000 g (n/%) | 5 (6.8) | 7 (4.3) | 1.36 | 0.67–2.74 | 0.52** |
| Chorioamnionitis (n/%) | 3 (2.2) | 9 (4.05) | 0.65 | 0.24–1.75 | 0.54** |
| Hypertension/pregnancy-associated hypertension (n/%) | 49 (36.0) | 129 (58.1) | 0.56 | 0.43–0.75 | < 0.01 |
| Previous coagulation disorders (n/%) | 6 (4.4) | 6 (2.7) | 1.33 | 0.79–2.38 | 0.38** |
| Uterine distension (n/%) | 5 (3.7) | 7 (3.1) | 1.10 | 0.55–2.17 | 0.77** |
| Abnormal placentation (n/%) | 8 (5.8) | 5 (2.3) | 1.65 | 1.05–2.60 | 0.08** |
IMIP Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, ICU intensive care unit, SMO severe maternal outcome, RR risk ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range
*Mann–Whitney
**Fisher exact test. Number of charts with available data
a 357
b 323
c 248
d 231
e 214
f 141
g 158
h 260
i 349
j 154