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. 2023 Jul 27;14:1219942. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219942

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Copyright © 2023 Zhao, Hu, Zhou, Yang, Shen, You and Xue.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The gut microbiome has the ability to utilize dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate. These SCFAs can activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR43, GPR41, and GPR109a, and initiate signal transduction. SCFAs also exert significant inhibitory effects on lysine/histone deacetylase (K/HDAC) activity. Through their HDAC inhibitory effects and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) promoting effects, SCFAs increase histone acetylation, which in turn promotes histone translational modifications and regulates systemic immune responses.