TABLE 2.
Ferroptosis inhibitors.
| Name | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|
| Deferoxamine (DFO) | Bind to Fe3+ | Abdul et al. (2021) |
| Deferasirox (DFX) | Bind to Fe3+ | Jomen et al. (2022) |
| Deferiprone (DFP) | Bind to Fe3+ | Stockwell et al. (2017) |
| Dexrazoxane | Regulates iron level | Fang et al. (2019) |
| Ciclopirox | Regulates iron level | Stockwell et al. (2017) |
| Baicalein | Regulates iron level | Xie et al. (2016) |
| 2,2′-bipyridine | Regulates iron level | Dixon et al. (2012) |
| 1,10-phenanthroline | Regulates iron level | Ye et al. (2021) |
| Zileuton | Inhibits 5-LOX | Yuan et al. (2016) |
| PD146176 | Inhibits 15-LOX-1 | Zilka et al. (2017) |
| Baicalein | Inhibits 12/15-LOX | Probst et al. (2017) |
| Curcumin | Inhibits 15-LOX-1 | Yang et al. (2021a) |
| NDGA | Inhibits pan-LOX | Probst et al. (2017) |
| AA-861 | Inhibits 5-LOX | Li et al. (2014) |
| CDC | Inhibits LOX | Yang et al. (2016) |
| H2S | Inhibits LOX | Wang et al. (2021b) |
| ML351 | Inhibits LOX | Kagan et al. (2017) |
| NCTT-956 | Inhibits LOX | Kagan et al. (2017) |
| Vitamin E | Restrains LOX PUFA oxygenation | Kagan et al. (2017) |
| Trolox | Restrains LOX PUFA oxygenation | Kagan et al. (2017) |
| D-α-Tocopherol | Restrains LOX PUFA oxygenation | Kagan et al. (2017) |
| tocotrienols | Restrains LOX PUFA oxygenation | Kagan et al. (2017) |
| NH4Cl | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Torii et al. (2016) |
| Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Nieva-Echevarría et al. (2017) |
| Pepstatin methyl ester | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Torii et al. (2016) |
| Fer-1 | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Dixon et al. (2012) |
| Lip-1 | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Friedmann Angeli et al. (2014) |
| Indole-3-carbinol | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Yagoda et al. (2007) |
| β-carotene | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Yagoda et al. (2007) |
| Butylated hydroxyanisole | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Shimada et al. (2016) |
| Triacsin C | Inhibits ACSL4 | Kagan et al. (2017) |
| Troglitazone | Inhibits ACSL4 | Doll et al. (2017) |
| Rosiglitazone | Inhibits ACSL4 | Yang et al. (2016) |
| MUFAs | Blocks PUFA peroxidation | Magtanong et al. (2019) |
| Lactate | Promotes PUFA production | Zhao et al. (2020) |
| Temozolomide (TMZ) | Induces system xc−expression | Sehm et al. (2016) |
| Ebselen | Simulates glutathione peroxidase | Matsushita et al. (2015) |
| β-mercaptoethanol | Reduces Cys2 to Cys (Cystine uptake) | Sha et al. (2015) |
| Aminooxyacetic acid | Inhibits glutaminase | Gao et al. (2015) |
| Compound 968 | Inhibits glutaminase | Gao et al. (2015) |
| Allosteric GPX4 activators | Activates GPX4 | Li et al. (2019a) |
| CDOD | Inhibits GPX4 degradation | Wu et al. (2019) |
| TOFA | Inhibits GPX4 degradation | Lee et al. (2020a) |
| N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) | Supplements GSH | Yang et al. (2014) |
| Selenium | Enhances the number of selenoproteins | Alim et al. (2019) |
| Dopamine | Increases the stability of GPX4 | Wang et al. (2016) |
| Idebenone | Mimics CoQ10 | Doll et al. (2019) |
| iFSP1 | Inhibits the function of FSP1 | Jo et al. (2022) |
| Diarylamine | Acts as RTA | Shah et al. (2017) |
| C15-THN | Acts as RTA | Conrad and Pratt (2019) |
| Phenothiazine | Acts as RTA | Yang et al. (2021d) |
| Phenoxazine | Acts as RTA | Poon et al. (2020) |
| tetrahydrobiopterin | Acts as RTA | Kraft et al. (2020) |
| CuII (atsm) | Acts as RTA | Southon et al. (2020) |
| Omeprazole | Acts as RTA | Mishima et al. (2020) |
| Promethazine | Acts as RTA | Mishima et al. (2020) |
| Propranolol | Acts as RTA | Mishima et al. (2020) |
| Rifampicin | Acts as RTA | Mishima et al. (2020) |
| Carvedilol | Acts as RTA | Mishima et al. (2020) |
| Estradiol | Acts as RTA | Mishima et al. (2020) |
| JP4-039 | Scavenges lipid ROS | Mishima et al. (2020) |
| Mitoquinone | Eliminates mitochondrial ROS | Jelinek et al. (2018) |
| Puerarin | Inhibits ROS production and Ca2+ influx | Dixon et al. (2012) |
| KI-696 | Inhibits NRF2 degradation | Dixon et al. (2012) |
| Alogliptin | Prevents ROS accumulation | Xie et al. (2017) |
| Linagliptin | Prevents ROS accumulation | Xie et al. (2017) |
| Vildagliptin | Prevents ROS accumulation | Alborzinia et al. (2018) |
| 2-acetylphenothiazine | Prevents ROS accumulation | Xie et al. (2017) |
| DPI | Prevents ROS accumulation | Yang et al. (2020a) |
| GKT137831 | Prevents ROS accumulation | Abou Daher et al. (2020) |
| GKT136901 | Prevents ROS accumulation | Hwang et al. (2020) |
| 6-aminonicotinamide | Prevents ROS accumulation | Dixon et al. (2012) |
| 2ME | Suppresses erastin-induced ferroptosis | Dixon et al. (2012) |
| Cycloheximide | Affects protein synthesis | Dixon et al. (2012) |
| SB202190 | Targets P38 | Yu et al. (2015) |
| SP600125 | Targets JNK | Zalyte and Cicenas (2022) |