Table 3.

Correlates of Probable Depression and Depression Symptom Severity (N = 309)

	Adjusted relative risk ratio (95% confidence interval (CI), p-value		Unstandardized regression coefficient (95% CI), p-value
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Variable
ACEs, per point	1.12 (1.06, 1.18), < 0.001		0.51 (0.23, 0.80), < 0.001
Traumatic events, per point		1.16 (1.09, 1.23), < 0.001		0.82 (0.47, 1.17), < 0.001
Age, per year	0.99 (0.99, 1.01), 0.89	0.99 (0.98, 1.01), 0.31	-0.05 (-0.12, 0.01), 0.12	-0.08 (-0.15, -0.02), 0.01
Male sex (ref: female sex)	0.82 (0.62, 1.09), 0.18	0.75 (0.57, 0.98), 0.04	-1.98 (-3.32, -0.64), 0.004	-2.34 (-3.65, -1.03), < 0.001
History of psychiatric illness in the family (ref: No)	0.86 (0.67, 1.12), 0.24	0.92 (0.73, 1.16), 0.48	0.39 (-0.90, 1.67), 0.56	0.51 (-0.72, 1.75), 0.41
People in the household, per person	0.99 (0.95, 1.03), 0.57	0.98 (0.94, 1.03), 0.48	-0.21 (-0.46, 0.04), 0.09	-0.25 (-0.50, -0.003), 0.047
Children in the family, per child	0.96 (0.87, 1.05), 0.38	0.96 (0.87, 1.05), 0.37	-0.23 (-0.70, 0.24), 0.34	-0.19 (-0.65, 0.28), 0.43
Monthly income, per ZAR	0.99 (0.99, 1.00), 0.37	0.99 (0.99, 1.00), 0.37	-0.00 (-0.00, 0.004), 0.49	-0.00 (-0.00, 0.00), 0.57
Marital status
Married	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Single	1.23 (0.83, 1.84), 0.31	1.21 (0.80, 1.82), 0.36	1.14 (-0.79, 3.06), 0.25	0.97 (-0.93, 2.86), 0.32
Widowed/divorced /separated	1.14 (0.74, 1.77), 0.55	1.06 (0.67, 1.67), 0.80	0.61 (-1.60, 2.81), 0.59	0.26 (-1.91, 2.43), 0.82
Education
Completed primary school	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Completed high school	1.55 (1.15, 2.09), < 0.001	1.51 (1.12, 2.02), 0.01	2.06 (0.65, 3.46), < 0.01	1.84 (0.46, 3.22), 0.01
Some college/ university	1.50 (1.05, 2.15), 0.025	1.44 (1.01, 2.05), 0.04	1.80 (-0.04, 3.64), 0.06	1.53 (-0.27, 3.34), 0.10
Self-rated physical health, per point	0.49 (0.40, 0.61), < 0.001	0.50 (0.40, 0.63), < 0.001	-5.11 (-6.52, -3.70), < 0.001	-4.90 (-6.30, -3.51), < 0.001
HIV positive	0.77 (0.55, 1.08), 0.13	0.74 (0.53, 1.03), 0.08	-0.97 (-2.62, 0.68), 0.25	-1.12 (-2.73, 0.51), 0.18