Table 1.

Summary of simulation scenarios

Scenario	Description	Covariate distributions	Treatment assignment model	Correlations
-	Base case	x1, x2, x3, x4, x5$\sim Bernoulli(0.5)$ x6, x7, x8, x9, x10$\sim N(0,1)$	$Logit\left(p_{\mathit{it}}\right)={\alpha }_{0,treat}+{\alpha }_L{x}_{1i}+{\alpha }_M{x}_{2i}+{\alpha }_H{x}_{3i}+$${\alpha }_L{x}_{4it}+{\alpha }_H{x}_{5it}+{\alpha }_M(x_{4it}{x}_{5it})+$${\alpha }_L{x}_{6i}+$${\alpha }_M{x}_{7i}+$${\alpha }_L{x}_{7i}^2+$${\alpha }_H{x}_{8i}+$${\alpha }_L{x}_{9it}^2+{\alpha }_M(x_{6i}{x}_{9it}^2)+$${\alpha }_H{x}_{10it}$	Autocorrelation: x9, x10: AR(1) Pairwise correlation: ρ = 0
A	Correct functional form	Same as base case	$Logit\left(p_{\mathit{it}}\right)={\alpha }_{0,treat}+{\alpha }_L{x}_{1i}+{\alpha }_M{x}_{2i}+{\alpha }_H{x}_{3i}+$${\alpha }_L{x}_{4it}+{\alpha }_H{x}_{5it}+$${\alpha }_L{x}_{6i}+$${\alpha }_M{x}_{7i}+$${\alpha }_H{x}_{8i}+$${\alpha }_L{x}_{9it}+$${\alpha }_H{x}_{10it}$	Same as base case
B	Weak pairwise correlation	Same as base case	Same as base case	x9, x10: AR(1) All covariates: ρ = 0.2
C	Strong pairwise correlation	Same as base case	Same as base case	x9, x10: AR(1) All covariates: ρ = 0.7
D	Different autocorrelation structure	Same as base case	Same as base case	x9, x10: MA(1) ρ = 0
E	Non-standard normal covariate distributions	x1, x2, x3, x4, x5$\sim Bernoulli(0.5)$ x6, x7, x8$\sim N(0,1)$ x9, x10$\sim N(2,1)$	Same as base case	Same as base case
F	Non-normal covariate distributions	x1, x2, x3, x4, x5$\sim Bernoulli(0.5)$ x6, x7, x8$\sim N(0,1)$ x9$\sim Poisson(2)$ x10$\sim Gamma(2,1)$	Same as base case	Same as base case

Description of all simulation scenarios ranging from Scenario A to Scenario F, exploring sensitivity of results to different functional forms of the propensity score, pairwise correlation across covariates, autocorrelation within covariates, and covariate distributions