FIGURE 2.

Summary of cytokines required for the cultivation of tumor organoids. In general, the establishment of organoid cultures involves the procurement of tumor tissue, followed by mechanical and enzymatic dissociation to obtain individual cells that are subsequently cultured in Advanced DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with basal membrane matrix and various cytokines. The specific cytokine requirements vary among different tumor types, including but not limited to gastric cancer (Vlachogiannis et al., 2018), colorectal cancer (van de Wetering et al., 2015), liver cancer (Broutier et al., 2017), pancreatic cancer (Seino et al., 2018), breast cancer (Sachs et al., 2018), bladder cancer (Whyard et al., 2020), prostate cancer (Zhou et al., 2021), lung cancer (Shi et al., 2020), ovarian cancer (Hill et al., 2018) and endometrial carcinoma (Boretto et al., 2019).