Table 2. Summary of included studies.
| (Part 1) | ||||||||
| Study | Sample size (T/C) | Gender(T/C) | Mean age(T/C) | Etiology of injury | Timing of repair | Follow-up period | Wavelength(nm) | Energy density |
| 2020 Sharifi, R. | 18/18(split) | 4/14 | 23±5 | SSRO | 1 day ahead | 1 months | 980 | 12 J/cm2 |
| 2022 Santos, V. P. D. | 22/20 | No difference | 29.4 | mandibular fractures |
1 day later | 6 months | 660∼850 | 7.64 J |
| 2019 Santos, F. T. | 20/20(split) | 7/13 | 35.6 ± 11.6 | SSRO | within 30 days or 6 months later | 1 year | 780 | 157.5 J/cm2 |
| 2020 Qi, W. | 10/10 | Not mentioned | No difference | Tooth extraction | 24 h after extraction |
1 month | 808 | 3 J/cm2 |
| 2017 Mohajerani, S. H. | 10/10 | 5/5 3/7 |
24.1± 4.6/22.8 ± 3.6 | SSRO | 1 day after | 6 months | 632–810 | Laser: 5J/cm2 LED: 2J/cm2 |
| 2018 Guarini, D. | 33/9 | 13/20 2/7 |
25.8/29.8 | SSRO | 1 day after | 2 years | 810–820 | 27J |
| 2014 Gasperini, G. | 10/10(split) | 0/10 | 30 | SSRO | immediately after surgery | 2 months | 660/ 789/780 | 5/30/70J/cm2 |
| 2014 Fuhrer-Valdivia, A. | 16/14 | 5/11 4/10 |
21.5±8 /23± 5 |
SSRO | immediately after surgery | 6 months | 810±20 | 32J/cm2 |
| 2018 Esmaeelinejad, M. | 20/20 | 18/22 | 26.52 ± 3.78 | SSRO | immediately after surgery | 12 months | 810 | 8.4 J/cm2 |
| 2017 Eshghpour, M. | 16/16(split) | 5/11 | 23.1±4.4 | SSRO | 1 day after | 2 months | 660/810 | 1.5/7 J/cm2 |
| 2017 Astrid Virginia Buysse | 12/12(split) | 6/6 | 30 | orthognathic surgery | 48h after surgery | 6 weeks | 808 | 100 J/cm2 |
| 2022 Salari, B. | 26/26 | 6/46 | 35.69±13.44/36.23 ± 11.51 | mandibular fractures | 6 months later | 6 months | 810 | 12–14 J/cm2 |
| 1996 Khullar, S. M. B. P. | 6/7 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | SSRO; Tooth extraction | 6 months later | 36∼69 | 820 | 550mW/cm2 |
| 1996 Khullar, S. M. E. B. | 8/5 | 4/9 | 35.7 | SSRO | 2 years later | 63 days | 820 | 550mW/cm2 |
| 2020 Esteves, P. F. P | 12/12(split) | 6/6 | 30 | SSRO | 48h after surgery | 6 weeks | 808 | 157.5 J/cm2 |
| (Part 2) | ||||||||
| Study | Radiation time | Days of laser therapy | Types of neurosensory tests | |||||
| 2020 Sharifi, R. | 60s | 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 | VAS, BS, TPD, PD, TD | |||||
| 2022 Santos, V. P. D. | 20 min | every day for 6 months | PP, TD | |||||
| 2019 Santos, F. T. | 90s | 3-to-4 weeks intervals | SWMF | |||||
| 2020 Qi, W. | 188s | once every two days between 2 to 14 days | VAS, TPD | |||||
| 2017 Mohajerani, S. H. | 90s | 1 , 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 | VAS, BS, TPD, PP, TD, SWMF | |||||
| 2018 Guarini, D. | 90S | 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 21, 28 | VAS, TPD, PD, TD | |||||
| 2014 Gasperini, G. | 10/20/ 40s | 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 | TPD, PP | |||||
| 2014 Fuhrer-Valdivia, A. | 90s | 1,2,3,5,10,14,21,28 | VAS, BS, TPD, TD | |||||
| 2018 Esmaeelinejad, M. | 28s | 0, 1, 2, 3 then every other day for two weeks | TPD, TD, PP, SWMF | |||||
| 2017 Eshghpour, M. | 10s | 1, 2, 3 and then twice a week for 3 weeks | TPD | |||||
| 2017 Astrid Virginia Buysse | 28s | 2 and two sessions per week | VAS | |||||
| 2022 Salari, B. | 30s | twice a week for 6 weeks |
light touch, PP, TPD, TD, EPT | |||||
| 1996 Khullar, S. M. B. P. | 85s | 20 sessions between 36 and 69 days | TD, SWMF | |||||
| 1996 Khullar, S. M. E. B. | 85s | 20 sessions between 20 and 63 days | VAS, SWMF | |||||
| 2020 Esteves, P. F. P | 28s | 2rd day and then two sessions per week | VAS | |||||
T = treatment group; C = control group; TD = thermal discrimination; VAS = visual analog scale test; SWMF = Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test; TPD = two-point discrimination; PP = pinprick; PD = pain discrimination; EPT = electric pulp test; BS = brush stroke
SSRO = sagittal split ramus osteotomy