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. 2023 Jul 27;14:1197298. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1197298

Table 2.

Correlation matrix showing relationships between implicit and explicit racial bias and social cognition in Experiment 1.

IAT WarmthW PreferenceW Imitation eRec EC PT PD VPT Concern
POS 		Concern
NEG 		Arousal
POS 		Arousal
NEG
IAT 0.88 0.30 0.26 −0.03 −0.05 −0.01 −0.05 0.04 0.08 0.17 0.15 0.26 0.09
WarmthW 0.28*** NA 0.55 0 −0.1 −0.24 −0.05 0.09 −0.13 0.17 0 0.17 −0.04
PreferenceW 0.24*** 0.55*** NA −0.12 −0.04 −0.23 −0.07 0.07 −0.04 0.14 0 0.12 0.03
Imitation −0.01 0.001 −0.05 0.16 0.18 −0.11 −0.06 −0.03 −0.03 −0.16 −0.08 −0.1 −0.05
eRec −0.04 −0.08 −0.03 0.06 0.70 0.18 0.05 0.07 −0.20 0.01 0.13 0.04 0.17
EC −0.006 −0.21** −0.20** −0.04 0.13* 0.78 0.74 0.36 0.16 −0.1 0.42 −0.08 0.29
PT −0.04 −0.04 −0.06 −0.02 0.04 58*** 0.78 0.03 0.05 −0.06 0.28 −0.05 0.25
PD 0.03 0.07 0.06 −0.01 0.05 0.26*** 0.02 0.67 0.12 0.12 0.24 −0.03 0.03
VPT 0.07 −0.12 −0.04 −0.01 −0.15* 0.13 0.04 0.09 0.84 0.06 0.11 −0.08 0.02
ConcernPOS 0.15* 0.16* 0.13 −0.06 0.009 −0.08 −0.05 0.09 0.05 0.89 0.34 0.50 0.20
ConcernNEG 0.13 0.002 −0.004 −0.03 0.10 0.35*** 0.23*** 0.18** 0.09 0.30*** 0.87 0.37 0.38
ArousalPOS 0.23*** 0.16* 0.11 −0.04 0.03 −0.07 −0.04 −0.02 −0.07 0.45*** 0.33*** 0.91 0.27
ArousalNEG 0.08 −0.04 0.03 −0.02 0.14* 0.25*** 0.21** 0.02 0.02 0.18** 0.34*** 0.25*** 0.93

To assist comparing correlation estimates, the upper triangle of the matrix presents the disattenuated correlations (Spearman, 1904). Note that the confidence intervals around these estimates are also corrected for attenuation, so while the point estimate increases so does the width of the confidence interval (also meaning no change in statistical significance). The diagonal presents the reliability estimates. For single-item measures, where reliability cannot be estimated, we input ‘NA’. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. IAT, Race-based Implicit Association Test; WarmthW, explicit White warmth; PreferenceW, explicit White preference; Imitation, imitative tendencies; eRec, emotion recognition; EC, self-reported empathic concern; PT, perspective taking; PD, personal distress; VPT, level-1 visual perspective taking; ConcernPOS and ConcernNEG, empathic concern toward positive and negative valence images; ArousalPOS, ArousalNEG, arousal toward positive and negative valence images.