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. 2023 Jul 16;9(7):e18332. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18332

Table 1.

Summary of laboratory method and procedures used to determine soil physicochemical.

S/N Parameters Method or procedures
1. Soil bulk density Core method [34]
2. Soil moisture content Gravimetric method [34]
3. Soil particle size distribution Hydrometer
4. soil textural class United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) textural triangle [35]
5. Soil pH Potentiometrically using a standard pH meter (1:2.5 soil-to-water ratio) [36]
6. Soil organic carbon (SOC %) Walkley and Black wet digestion [37]
7. Soil organic matter Multiply SOC by 1.724 [37]
8. Total nitrogen Kjeldahl digestion and titration procedure
9. Available phosphorus spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 882 nm [38]
10. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) Ammonium acetate method
11. Exchangeable acidity Saturating the soil samples with potassium chloride solution and titrated with sodium hydroxide [39]
12. Exchangeable aluminum Atomic absorption a spectrophotometer (AAS) at 309.3 nm using acetylene flame [40]
13. Exchangeable hydrogen Difference between exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminum [41,42]