. 2023 Jul 16;9(7):e18332. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18332

Table 5.

The effect of soil bund on soil physical properties at different slope position.

Soil physical properties	Slope class	Nada sub-watershed		Gulufa sub-watershed
Soil physical properties	Slope class	Conserved	Non-conserved	Conserved	Non-conserved
BD (g/cm³)	Lower	0.94^b	1.09^a	1.00^b	1.31^a
	Middle	1.04^b	1.16^a	1.09^b	1.36^a
	Upper	1.12^b	1.22^a	1.20^b	1.47^a
SMC (%)	Lower	36.25^a	32.58^b	42.99^a	30.73^b
	Middle	34.20^a	31.32^b	37.11^a	27.08^b
	Upper	33.42^a	29.05^b	33.74^a	18.33^b
Clay (%)	Lower	59.33^a	48.67^b	50.00^a	39.60^b
	Middle	55.33^a	44.67^b	44.13^a	34.00^b
	Upper	53.33^a	40.67^b	41.73^a	29.33^b
Silt (%)	Lower	21.00^a	24.00^a	26.67^a	28.40^a
	Middle	15.33^b	25.33^a	29.53^b	32.40^a
	Upper	15.13^b	25.40^a	30.07^b	34.33^a
Sand (%)	Lower	19.67^b	27.33^a	23.33^b	32.00^a
	Middle	29.33^a	30.00^a	26.33^b	33.60^a
	Upper	31.53^b	33.93^a	28.20^b	36.33^a
Texture class		Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay loam

BD is top soil bulk density; SMC is gravimetric soil moisture content; Conserved is farmland conserved with soil bund; Non-conserved is farmland not conserved with any of soil and water conservation measures. Mean values followed by different letters (a,b) in the superscript along the same rows are for conservation difference within similar slope positions, and letters (a, b) in the subscript along the same column is slope difference is statistically different at P ≤ 0.05.