Table 2.
Independent t-tests for each type of child maltreatment (CM)1 to test if symptoms of depression and anxiety2 are elevated in patient with diabetes3 and experiences of CM compared to patients without CM.
| depression/anxiety |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | M | (SD) | t-test | p-value | Cohen's d | |
| sexual abuse | ||||||
| yes no |
33 298 |
4.36 2.11 |
(2.60) (2.43) |
t(329)=5.01 | .001⁎⁎⁎ | 0.92 |
| physical abuse | ||||||
| yes no |
37 296 |
3.65 2.20 |
(2.58) (2.50) |
t(331)=3.22 | .001⁎⁎⁎ | 0.58 |
| emotional abuse | ||||||
| yes no |
33 300 |
4.36 2.14 |
(2.38) (2.47) |
t(331)=4.93 | .001⁎⁎⁎ | 0.90 |
| physical neglect | ||||||
| yes no |
63 111 |
2.35 1.86 |
(2.65) (2.30) |
t(172)=1.26 | .208 | 0.20 |
| emotional neglect | ||||||
| yes no |
27 147 |
2.81 1.90 |
(2.40) (2.42) |
t(172)=1.81 | .072 | 0.38 |
Note. p-values: * p ≤ .05, ** p ≤ .01, ***, p ≤ .001.
1
Child maltreatment (CM) was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the presence of CM was assumed when severity was at least moderate, dichotomous variables were used for the analyses.
2
Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4).
3
Diabetes (yes/no) was assessed via self-report.