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. 2023 Jul 28;9(8):e18574. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18574

Table 1.

Variables description.

Variable Description Abbreviation Data Source
GDP growth Yit WDI
Public debt to GDP ratio Debt IMF
Voice and accountability VAA WGIs
Political stability and violence PSV WGIs
Government effectiveness GEF WGIs
Regulatory quality REQ WGIs
Rule of law ROL WGIs
Control of corruption COC WGIs
Total factor productivity TFP Authors own calculation
Inflation Inf WDI
General government spending as GDP’ ratio GS PWT 9.1
Total exports as share of GDP Exp PWT 9.1