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. 2023 Jul 28;9(8):e18574. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18574

Table 10.

Short and Long Run Results using Control of Corruption.

Variable Spec 11(IQ=COC)
Spec 12(IQ=COC)
Coeff. t-Stat Coeff. t-Stat
Short-Run Coefficients
ECM (−1) −0.793*** −6.741 −0.868*** −7.378
ΔLNDEBT 0.433* 2.800 0.244*** 6.036
ΔIQ 0.987* 2.885 1.225*** 5.784
Δ(LNDEBT × IQ) 0.743*** 7.888
ΔLNTFP 0.844** 7.002 1.112*** 5.799
ΔLNINF −0.671*** −6.014 −0.556*** −5.784
ΔLNGS 0.233* 2.883 −0.342 −1.771
ΔLNEXP 0.123*** 7.322 0.094*** 4.094
C 4.904** 5.920 5.219*** 6.322
Long-Run Coefficients
LNDEBT −0.433*** −6.494 −0.397*** −6.039
IQ 0.978* 2.673 1.033*** 6.055
LNDEBT × IQ 0.957*** 5.758
TFP 0.744** 4.740 0.664** 4.093
LNINF −0.234*** −7.449 −0.322*** −5.877
GS −0.442*** −6.784 −0.019*** −6.607
LNEXP 0.224*** 7.394 0.413*** 6.543
C 5.332*** 7.754 4.844*** 8.784

Notes: Spec. Is the short form of specification and coeff. represents the coefficient. Δ is the first difference, whereas C is the constant term. *, ** and *** represents the significance at 10%, 5% and 1% respectively.