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. 2023 Jul 28;9(8):e18574. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18574

Table 7.

Short and Long Run Results using Government Effectiveness.

Variable Spec 5(IQ = GEF)
Spec 6(IQ = GEF)
Coeff. t-Stat Coeff. t-Stat
Short-Run Coefficients
ECM (−1) −0.929*** −7.897 −0.898*** −7.633
ΔLNDEBT 0.432** 3.919 0.346*** 4.352
ΔIQ 1.012*** 4.903 1.233*** 5.122
Δ(LNDEBT × IQ) 0.764*** 5.903
ΔLNTFP −0.672** −3.888 0.782*** 5.422
ΔLNINF −0.541*** −4.940 −0.453*** −4.993
ΔLNGS −0.134** −3.773 −0.098 −1.887
ΔLNEXP 0.442* 2.992 0.587* 3.412
C 6.342* 5.444 6.422** 4.630
Long-Run Coefficients
LNDEBT −0.322*** −2.599 −0.401*** −7.965
IQ 1.071** 4.012 1.340*** 6.616
LNDEBT × IQ 0.921*** 5.646
LNTFP 0.773 5.445 0.957** 4.783
LNINF −0.192** −3.244 −0.214*** −6.229
LNGS −0.123* −3.056 −0.097 −1.889
LNEXP 0.332** 3.624 0.5438** 4.567
C 4.883*** 5.042 4.934** 4.904

Notes: Spec. Is the short form of specification and coeff. represents the coefficient. Δ is the first difference, whereas C is the constant term. *, ** and *** represents the significance at 10%, 5% and 1% respectively.