Skip to main content
. 2023 Jul 28;9(8):e18574. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18574

Table 9.

Short and Long Run Results using Rule of Law.

Variable Spec 9 (IQ = ROL)
Spec 10 (IQ = ROL)
Coeff. t-Stat Coeff. t-Stat
Short-Run Coefficients
ECM (−1) −0.771*** −6.553 −0.896*** −7.616
ΔLNDEBT 0.420*** 5.944 0.346** 4.945
ΔIQ 1.230*** 6.567 0.978*** 6.788
Δ(LNDEBT × IQ) 0.664*** 5.033
ΔLNTFP 0.544** 3.879 0.947*** 5.974
ΔLNINF −0.644* 3.339 −0.648*** −6.879
ΔLNGS −0.333** −4.944 −0.441*** 5.440
ΔLNEXP 0.320*** 5.093 0.499** 4.809
C 4.957*** 5.380 5.930*** −6.743
Long-Run Coefficients
LNDEBT −0.620** −4.890 −0.238*** −7.909
IQ 1.333 6.540 1.549*** 7.784
LNDEBT × IQ 0.940*** 6.849
TFP 0.908** 3.584 1.093*** 8.039
LNINF −0.104*** −5.090 −0.110** −4.965
GS −0.343*** −6.049 −0.742 −1.784
LNEXP 0.226* 2.875 0.532* 2.689
C 4.878*** 5.042 −5.339** −4.911

Notes: Spec. Is the short form of specification and coeff. represents the coefficient. Δ is the first difference, whereas C is the constant term. *, ** and *** represents the significance at 10%, 5% and 1% respectively.