Table 3.
Association between intake of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber on mid-pregnancy and development delay at the age of 3 years.
Subscales in ASQ-3 | Communication | Gross motor | Fine motor | Problem solving | Personal-social |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
Soluble dietary fiber (g/1,000 kcal/day) | |||||
Q5 (≥1.89) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Q4 (1.55– < 1.89) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 1.16 (1.02–1.31) | 1.07 (0.96–1.18) | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) |
Q3 (1.31– < 1.55) | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 1.16 (1.02–1.31) | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 1.21 (1.09–1.34) | 1.15 (1.00–1.33) |
Q2 (1.06– < 1.31) | 1.43 (1.26–1.64) | 1.18 (1.04–1.33) | 1.23 (1.11–1.36) | 1.32 (1.19–1.46) | 1.26 (1.09–1.45) |
Q1 (< 1.06) | 1.49 (1.30–1.70) | 1.15 (1.02–1.31) | 1.36 (1.23–1.50) | 1.40 (1.27–1.55) | 1.22 (1.05–1.41) |
P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.016 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
Insoluble dietary fiber (g/1,000 kcal/day) | |||||
Q5 (≥5.41) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Q4 (4.60– < 5.41) | 1.17 (1.02–1.35) | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | 1.10 (0.99–1.21) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) |
Q3 (4.00– < 4.60) | 1.33 (1.16–1.53) | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 1.22 (1.11–1.35) | 1.12 (0.96–1.29) |
Q2 (3.38– < 4.00) | 1.41 (1.23–1.61) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | 1.30 (1.17–1.43) | 1.22 (1.06–1.41) |
Q1 (< 3.38) | 1.51 (1.31–1.73) | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | 1.45 (1.32–1.61) | 1.45 (1.31–1.60) | 1.29 (1.11–1.49) |
P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.055 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ASQ-3, Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Boldface indicates significance (p < 0.05).
Adjusted for maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal and paternal education levels, annual household income, child sex, mode of delivery, birthweight, gestational age at birth, older siblings, attendance a childcare facility at 1 year of age, breastfeeding until 1 year of age, mother's K6 scores during pregnancy and when her child was 1 year of age, caretaker other than the child's mother at 1 year of age, and attachment bond when her child was 1 year of age.