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. 2023 Jul 27;10:1203669. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203669

Table 3.

Association between intake of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber on mid-pregnancy and development delay at the age of 3 years.

Subscales in ASQ-3 Communication Gross motor Fine motor Problem solving Personal-social
aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI)
Soluble dietary fiber (g/1,000 kcal/day)
Q5 (≥1.89) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q4 (1.55– < 1.89) 1.17 (1.02–1.34) 1.16 (1.02–1.31) 1.07 (0.96–1.18) 1.05 (0.95–1.17) 1.11 (0.96–1.28)
Q3 (1.31– < 1.55) 1.24 (1.08–1.42) 1.16 (1.02–1.31) 1.11 (1.00–1.23) 1.21 (1.09–1.34) 1.15 (1.00–1.33)
Q2 (1.06– < 1.31) 1.43 (1.26–1.64) 1.18 (1.04–1.33) 1.23 (1.11–1.36) 1.32 (1.19–1.46) 1.26 (1.09–1.45)
Q1 (< 1.06) 1.49 (1.30–1.70) 1.15 (1.02–1.31) 1.36 (1.23–1.50) 1.40 (1.27–1.55) 1.22 (1.05–1.41)
P for trend < 0.001 0.016 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.002
Insoluble dietary fiber (g/1,000 kcal/day)
Q5 (≥5.41) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q4 (4.60– < 5.41) 1.17 (1.02–1.35) 0.99 (0.88–1.12) 1.10 (0.99–1.21) 1.03 (0.93–1.14) 1.07 (0.92–1.24)
Q3 (4.00– < 4.60) 1.33 (1.16–1.53) 1.15 (1.02–1.29) 1.16 (1.05–1.29) 1.22 (1.11–1.35) 1.12 (0.96–1.29)
Q2 (3.38– < 4.00) 1.41 (1.23–1.61) 1.04 (0.92–1.17) 1.24 (1.12–1.37) 1.30 (1.17–1.43) 1.22 (1.06–1.41)
Q1 (< 3.38) 1.51 (1.31–1.73) 1.12 (0.99–1.27) 1.45 (1.32–1.61) 1.45 (1.31–1.60) 1.29 (1.11–1.49)
P for trend < 0.001 0.055 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001

aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ASQ-3, Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Boldface indicates significance (p < 0.05).

Adjusted for maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal and paternal education levels, annual household income, child sex, mode of delivery, birthweight, gestational age at birth, older siblings, attendance a childcare facility at 1 year of age, breastfeeding until 1 year of age, mother's K6 scores during pregnancy and when her child was 1 year of age, caretaker other than the child's mother at 1 year of age, and attachment bond when her child was 1 year of age.