Table 4.
Association between total dietary fiber intake on mid-pregnancy and development delay at the age of 3 years, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI.
| Subscales in ASQ-3 | Communication | Gross motor | Fine motor | Problem solving | Personal-social |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI<18.5 (kg/m2) | |||||
| Q5 (≥7.56) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q4 (6.39– < 7.56) | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) | 0.90 (0.67–1.22) | 0.96 (0.75–1.24) | 1.25 (0.95–1.65) | 0.96 (0.66–1.40) |
| Q3 (5.51– < 6.39) | 1.07 (0.75–1.53) | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) | 0.91 (0.63–1.32) |
| Q2 (4.62– < 5.51) | 1.20 (0.85–1.71) | 1.11 (0.83–1.48) | 1.08 (0.84–1.38) | 1.52 (1.16–1.98) | 0.98 (0.67–1.42) |
| Q1 (< 4.62) | 1.52 (1.07–2.15) | 1.03 (0.76–1.40) | 1.09 (0.84–1.40) | 1.50 (1.14–1.97) | 1.16 (0.80–1.68) |
| P for trend | 0.022 | 0.467 | 0.419 | 0.001 | 0.564 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5–25 (kg/m 2 ) | |||||
| Q5 (≥7.56) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q4 (6.39– < 7.56) | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) |
| Q3 (5.51– < 6.39) | 1.32 (1.13–1.55) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 1.23 (1.09–1.39) | 1.23 (1.09–1.38) | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) |
| Q2 (4.62– < 5.51) | 1.43 (1.22–1.68) | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | 1.30 (1.15–1.47) | 1.28 (1.14–1.44) | 1.39 (1.17–1.65) |
| Q1 (< 4.62) | 1.50 (1.28–1.77) | 1.11 (0.96–1.29) | 1.53 (1.36–1.72) | 1.42 (1.26–1.60) | 1.39 (1.16–1.65) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.199 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI >25 (kg/m2) | |||||
| Q5 (≥7.56) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q4 (6.39– < 7.56) | 1.20 (0.80–1.80) | 1.15 (0.77–1.71) | 1.10 (0.81–1.49) | 1.08 (0.80–1.48) | 1.03 (0.69–1.54) |
| Q3 (5.51– < 6.39) | 1.66 (1.13–2.45) | 1.36 (0.92–2.00) | 1.19 (0.88–1.60) | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 0.83 (0.54–1.26) |
| Q2 (4.62– < 5.51) | 1.57 (1.07–2.31) | 1.24 (0.84–1.82) | 1.09 (0.81–1.47) | 1.16 (0.86–1.56) | 1.02 (0.69–1.52) |
| Q1 (< 4.62) | 1.64 (1.12–2.38) | 1.39 (0.96–2.02) | 1.51 (1.15–2.00) | 1.59 (1.20–2.11) | 1.08 (0.73–1.58) |
| P for trend | 0.004 | 0.080 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.745 |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ASQ-3, Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Boldface indicates significance (p < 0.05).
Adjusted for maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, maternal and paternal education levels, annual household income, child sex, mode of delivery, birthweight, gestational age at birth, older siblings, attendance a childcare facility at 1 year of age, breastfeeding until 1 year of age, mother's K6 scores during pregnancy and when her child was 1 year of age, caretaker other than the child's mother at 1 year of age, and attachment bond when her child was 1 year of age.