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. 2023 Aug 10;6(8):e2328280. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.28280

Table 1. Patient Characteristics (N = 899).

No. (%) P value
Training (MDACC, n = 335) Validation (MDACC, n = 96) Internal test (MDACC, n = 48) External test (BWH, n = 420)
Age, median (range), y 57 (24-83) 58 (29-81) 59.5 (41-87) 59 (24-87) .37a
Sex
Female 41 (12.2) 16 (16.7) 8 (16.7) 75 (17.9) .32b
Male 291 (86.9) 80 (83.3) 40 (83.3) 344 (81.9)
Unspecified 3 (0.9) 0 0 1 (0.2)
Smoking status
Current 68 (20.3) 19 (19.8) 11 (22.9) 55 (13.1) <.001b
Former 95 (28.4) 40 (41.7) 17 (35.4) 217 (51.7)
Never 103 (30.7) 33 (34.4) 17 (35.4) 145 (34.5)
Unspecified 67 (20.0) 4 (4.2) 3 (6.2) 3 (0.7)
Primary cancer site
Oropharynx 309 (92.2) 92 (95.8) 45 (93.8) 314 (74.8) <.001b
Nasopharynx 1 (0.3) 0 0 0
Larynx or hypopharynx 2 (0.6) 0 0 76 (18.1)
Oral cavity 2 (0.6) 0 0 0
Unknown or other 19 (5.7) 4 (4.2) 3 (6.2) 30 (7.1)
AJCC stage
I 3 (0.9) 1 (1.0) 0 12 (2.9) .001b
II 11 (3.3) 3 (3.1) 2 (4.2) 34 (8.1)
III 42 (12.5) 16 (16.7) 12 (25.0) 75 (17.9)
IV 266 (79.4) 72 (75.0) 31 (64.6) 295 (70.2)
Unspecified 13 (3.9) 4 (4.2) 3 (6.2) 4 (1.0)
HPV p16 statusc
Negative 19 (5.7) 9 (9.4) 9 (18.8) 49 (11.7) <.001b
Positive 98 (29.3) 76 (79.2) 36 (75.0) 224 (53.3)
Unspecified 218 (65.1) 11 (11.5) 3 (6.2) 147 (35.0)
T stage
T0 2 (0.6) 0 0 0 .24b
T1 56 (16.7) 20 (20.8) 11 (22.9) 89 (21.2)
T2 143 (42.7) 35 (36.5) 17 (35.4) 160 (38.1)
T3 77 (23.0) 22 (22.9) 10 (20.8) 109 (26.0)
T4 44 (13.1) 15 (15.6) 7 (14.6) 57 (13.6)
Unspecified 13 (3.9) 4 (4.2) 3 (6.2) 5 (1.2)
N stage
N0 33 (9.9) 9 (9.4) 5 (10.4) 85 (20.2) <.001b
N1 31 (9.3) 13 (13.5) 9 (18.8) 52 (12.4)
N2 246 (74.3) 68 (70.8) 31 (64.6) 247 (58.8)
N3 12 (3.6) 2 (2.1) 0 31 (7.4)
Unspecified 13 (3.9) 4 (4.2) 3 (6.2) 5 (1.2)

Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer (7th ed); BWH, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; HPV, human papillomavirus; MDACC, MD Anderson Cancer Center.

a

Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.

b

Fisher exact test for differences among the data sets.

c

Patients with nonoropharyngeal carcinoma who did not undergo HPV p16 testing were coded as negative, given the very low incidence of HPV p16-positive tumors in these disease sites.