Table 1. Psychometric properties of the screening tests.
| Cut-off point | Sensitivity and specificity for alcohol use disorder | Predictive values | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive result | Negative result | ||||||
| Sensitivity (95%CI) |
Specificity (95%CI) |
True (95%CI) |
False (95%CI) |
True (95%CI) |
False (95%CI) |
||
| AUDIT | 4 | 0.87 (0.74-0.94) |
0.86 (0.83-0.89) |
0.36 (0.28-0.45) |
0.64 (0.55-0.72) |
0.99 (0.97-0.99) |
0.01 (0.00-0.03) |
| AUDIT-C | 3 | 0.90 (0.78-0.96) |
0.79 (0.76-0.82) |
0.28 (0.21-0.35) |
0.72 (0.65-0.79) |
0.99 (0.97-0.99) |
0.01 (0.00-0.03) |
| TWEAK | 2 | 0.96 (0.86-0.99) |
0.77 (0.73-0.80) |
0.27 (0.21-0.34) |
0.73 (0.66-0.79) |
0.99 (0.98-0.99) |
0.01 (0.00-0.02) |
| RAPS-QF | 1 | 0.79 (0.65-0.88) |
0.82 (00.79-.85) |
0.28 (0.21-0.36) |
0.72 (0.64-0.79) |
0.98 (0.96-0.99) |
0.02 (0.01-0.04) |
| T-ACE | 2 | 0.96 (0.86-0.99) |
0.76 (0.72-0.79) |
0.26 (0.20-0.33) |
0.74 (0.67-0.80) |
0.99 (0.98-0.99) |
0.01 (0.00-0.02) |
| Likelihood Ratio | M (SD) |
Reliability
(95%CI) |
Cut-off point reliabilityc | Correlation with the AUDITd | |||
| Positive (95%CI) | Negative (95%CI) | ||||||
| AUDIT | 6.37 (5.06–8.02) | 0.16 (0.08-0.31) | 2.30 (2.85) | 0.76 (73–79)a | 0.82 | — | |
| AUDIT-C | 4.36 (3.63–5.22) | 0.12 (0.05-0.28) | 1.95 (1.92) | 0.76 (73–79)a | 0.81 | 0.93** | |
| TWEAK | 4.13 (3.53–4.83) | 0.05 (0.01-0.20) | 0.82 (1.38) | 0.49 (42–55)b | 0.70 | 0.79** | |
| RAPS-QF | 4.38 (3.51–5.47) | 0.26 (0.15-0.44) | 0.35 (0.74) | 0.56 (0.50-.61)b | 0.75 | 0.75** | |
| T-ACE | 3.98 (3.42–4.65) | 0.05 (0.01-0.20) | 0.72 (1.13) | 0.33 (24–41)b | 0.71 | 0.60** | |
Abbreviations: 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test – Consumption; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; RAPS-QF, Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen – Quantity Frequency; T-ACE, Tolerance, Annoyed, Cut-Down and Eye-Opener; TWEAK, Tolerance, Worried, Eye-Opener, Amnesia and Cut-Down.
Notes: aCronbach's Alpha. bKuder-Richardson Formula 20 index. cLivingston's K2 coefficient. dAlcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. ** Significant at 0.01 (two-tailed).