Table 1.

Modified Clavien-Dindo-Sink Complication Classification System for Orthopedic Surgery.

Grade	Definition
I	A complication that does not result in deviation from routine follow-up in the postoperative period and has minimal clinical relevance and requires minimal treatment (e.g., antiemetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics, electrolytes, antibiotics, and physiotherapy) or no treatment.
II	A deviation from the normal postoperative course (including unplanned clinic/office visits) that requires outpatient treatment, either pharmacological or close monitoring as an outpatient.
III	A complication that is treatable but requires surgical, endoscopic, or interventional radiology procedure(s), or an unplanned hospital readmission.
IVa	A complication that is life- or limb-threatening, and/or requires ICU admission, a complication with potential for permanent disability but treatable, a complication that may require organ/joint resection/replacement. No long-term disability.
IVb	A complication that is life- or limb-threatening, and/or requires ICU admission, a complication that is not treatable, a complication that requires organ/joint resection/replacement or salvage surgery. With long-term disability.
V	Death.

Adopted from Dodwell et al. ³⁰

ICU = intensive care unit.