TABLE 2.

The role of some host miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

miRNA	Binding sites	Function	Reference
miR-200 family (↑)	ACE2	proinflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory	Lu et al. (2020), Pierce et al. (2020), Chauhan et al. (2021), Meidert et al. (2021), Pimenta et al. (2021)
		virus entry
miR-421(↓)	ACE2	Aggravating inflammatory response	Hum et al. (2021)
miR-155(↑)	ACE2	Reducing proinflammatory cytokines	Chow and Salmena (2020), Garg et al. (2021), Wyler et al. (2021)
	IL-1	Increased antiviral responses
miR-483-3p(↑)	ACE2	ACE2 expression downregulated	Kemp et al. (2014)
miR-125a-5p(↓)	ACE2	Increased ACE2 protein expression level	Nersisyan et al. (2020a)
let-7b-5p、	TMPRSS2	TMPRSS2 expression downregulated	Nersisyan et al. (2020a), Chow and Salmena (2020), Mukhopadhyay and Mussa (2020), Wang et al. (2022b)
let-7a-5p、let-7d-5p(↓)	IL6/IL6R	Related to inflammatory responses
miR-21(↑)	SARS-CoV-2 genome	Regulating inflammatory response	Sheedy (2015), Nersisyan et al. (2020a), Nersisyan et al. (2020b), Fulzele et al. (2020), Haddad and Al-Zyoud (2020), Srivastava et al. (2020), Garg et al. (2021)
		27 binding sites on SARS-CoV-2 genome
miR-125a-3p(↑)	SARS-CoV-2 gene S	Inhibits the cleavage of the S gene	Chow and Salmena (2020), Demirci and Adan (2020), Fulzele et al. (2020), Khan et al. (2020)
miR-1307-3p(↓)	SARS-CoV-2 3′UTR	Promoting inflammatory responses	Arisan et al. (2020), Balmeh et al. (2020)
		Involved in TGF-β signaling
miR- 5047	SARS-CoV-2 multiple	Inhibits cleavage of the ORF1a/b polyprotein gene	Fulzele et al. (2020), Pierce et al. (2020)
miR-323a-5p(↑)	SARS-CoV-2 ORF1a/b	antiviral infection	Khan et al. (2020)
miR-24	SARS-CoV-2 furin	Regulation of furin and TGF-β1 content	Hum et al. (2021)
miR-16	SARS-CoV-2 genome	apoptosis	Hum et al. (2021)
	BCL2
miR-146a(↓)	IL-1	Inflammation	Rakhmetullina et al. (2020)
	IL-6 TNFα
miR-1207-5p		Inflammation	Bertolazzi et al. (2020)
miR-320 family(↑)	IL-8	Inflammation	Fernández-Pato et al. (2022)
	IL-6
	IP10

Note: ↓: downregulated; ↑: upregulated.