Table 4.
Comparison of Baseline Parameters Between In-Brace Deterioration and Out-of-Brace Deterioration Groups.
| Parameters | Outcome | P-value^ | Power | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-brace deterioration | Out-of-brace deterioration | |||
| Thoracic curves (n = 62) | ||||
| Count—n (%) | 48 (77.4) | 14 (22.6) | - | |
| Age at bracing (Months) | 141.0 | 153.0 | .049* | 0.49 |
| 144.9 ± 14.4 | 150.6 ± 6.1 | |||
| Risser stage—count # (%) | .711 | 0.51 | ||
| 0 | 38 (79.2) | 12 (85.7) | ||
| 1 | 8 (16.7) | 1 (7.1) | ||
| 2 | 2 (4.2) | 1 (7.1) | ||
| Sex—count # (%) | .409 | 0.61 | ||
| Males | 6 (12.5) | 3 (21.4) | ||
| Females | 42 (87.5) | 11 (78.6) | ||
| Period after menarche (Months) for those post-menarche |
4.5 | 2.5 | .267 | 0.94 |
| 5.6 ± 4.0 | 2.5 ± 2.1 | |||
| Pre-brace Cobb angle (°) | 32.6 | 32.5 | .705 | 0.06 |
| 32.7 ± 4.4 | 32.4 ± 2.6 | |||
| Supine Cobb angle (°) | 26.2 | 24.9 | .249 | 0.39 |
| 26.2 ± 5.0 | 24.1 ± 4.5 | |||
| Initial in-brace Cobb angle (°) + | 22.3 | 22.7 | .692 | 0.05 |
| 21.4 ± 6.2 | 21.5 ± 6.4 | |||
| Correction rate (%) | 32.5 | 31.8 | .556 | 0.06 |
| 34.8 ± 16.2 | 33.1 ± 20.7 | |||
| Flexibility rate (%) | 17.3 | 21.9 | .132 | 0.45 |
| 19.6 ± 12.3 | 25.7 ± 12.8 | |||
| Double/triple curves (n = 43) | ||||
| Count—n (%) | 27 (62.8) | 16 (37.2) | - | |
| Age at bracing (Months) | 147.0 | 142.5 | .697 | 0.05 |
| 148.1 ± 11.4 | 148.2 ± 15.5 | |||
| Risser stage—count # (%) | .046* | > 0.99 | ||
| 0 | 17 (63.0) | 10 (62.5) | ||
| 1 | 8 (29.6) | 1 (6.3) | ||
| 2 | 2 (7.4) □ | 5 (31.3) | ||
| Sex—count # (%) | .999 | 0.08 | ||
| Males | 6 (22.2) | 3 (18.8) | ||
| Females | 21 (77.8) | 13 (81.3) | ||
| Period after menarche (Months) | 6.5 6.8 ± 3.4 |
7.0 7.0 ± 2.6 |
.945 | 0.06 |
| Pre-brace Cobb angle (°) | 32.4 | 32.3 | .821 | 0.07 |
| 32.2 ± 4.4 | 31.7 ± 4.0 | |||
| Supine Cobb angle (°) | 26.4 | 28.0 | .474 | 0.12 |
| 26.6 ± 5.8 | 27.7 ± 4.9 | |||
| Initial in-brace Cobb angle (°) | 22.8 23.9 ± 5.6 |
25.7 27.0 ± 6.2 |
.102 | 0.47 |
| Correction rate (%) | 29.6 | 14.0 | .019* | 0.79 |
| 25.9 ± 13.9 | 15.6 ± 12.3 | |||
| Flexibility rate (%) | 15.2 | 10.0 | .218 | 0.32 |
| 17.7 ± 12.6 | 13.1 ± 9.4 | |||
| Thoracolumbar curves (n = 28) | ||||
| Count—n (%) | 20 (71.4%) | 8 (28.6%) | - | |
| Age at bracing (Months) | 144.5 | 147.5 | .746 | 0.65 |
| 145.0 ± 11.3 | 146.9 ± 11.1 | |||
| Risser stage—count # (%) | .114 | 0.01 | ||
| 0 | 17 (85.0) | 4 (50.0) | ||
| 1 | 3 (15.0) | 3 (37.5) | ||
| 2 | 0 | 1 (12.5) | ||
| Sex—count # (%) | .536 | 0.10 | ||
| Males | 3 (15.0) | 0 | ||
| Females | 17 (85.0) | 8 (100) | ||
| Period after menarche (Months) | 1.0 | 0 | .374 | 0.19 |
| 2.6 ± 3.2 | 1.4 ± 2.8 | |||
| Pre-brace Cobb angle (°) | 29.8 | 28.7 | .469 | 0.08 |
| 29.9 ± 3.3 | 29.2 ± 4.0 | |||
| Supine Cobb angle (°) | 17.5 | 20.3 | .281 | 0.16 |
| 19.1 ± 5.6 | 20.9 ± 4.5 | |||
| Initial in-brace Cobb angle (°) | 15.4 | 18.8 | .033* | 0.54 |
| 16.6 ± 4.8 | 20.1 ± 3.7 | |||
| Correction rate (%) | 47.8 | 33.5 | .049* | 0.65 |
| 44.1 ± 15.4 | 31.0 ± 12.3 | |||
| Flexibility rate (%) | 40.8 | 28.0 | .237 | 0.24 |
| 35.9 ± 17.7 | 28.4 ± 13.8 | |||
^Mann-Whitney U test unless stated otherwise.
#Fisher’s exact test with z-test (any significant difference between column proportions will be signified by □), n: number, -: not applicable.
*Statistical significance.