. 2023 Jul 28;14:1187616. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187616

Table 2.

Mean mortality % ( ± SE) of Rhyzopertha dominica exposed to wheat treated with Carum copticum EO and OLNS.

Time (day)	Chitosan to EO weight ratios	1000 mg/kg		t₈	2000 mg/kg		t₈
Time (day)	Chitosan to EO weight ratios	EO	OLNS	t₈	EO	OLNS	t₈
2	1:0 (control)	0.00 ± 0.00d	0.00 ± 0.00d	–	0.00 ± 0.00d	0.00 ± 0.00d	–
	1:0.5	20.0 ± 1.58c	18.0 ± 1.22c	1.00	39.0 ± 1.0c	36.0 ± 1.87c	1.414
	1:1	30.0 ± 1.58b*	24.0 ± 1.87b	2.449	47.0 ± 1.22b	45.0 ± 1.58b	1.00
	1:1.25	38.0 ± 1.22a*	33.0 ± 1.22a	2.887	55.0 ± 1.58a	57.0 ± 1.22a	1.00
	F_{3, 16}	165.744	138.458		475.933	187.143
	P	< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001
7	1:0	5.0 ± 1.58d	5.0 ± 2.23c	0.001	5.0 ± 1.58c	5.0 ± 2.23c	0.001
	1:0.5	24.0 ± 1.87c	36.0 ± 2.50b*	3.893	43.0 ± 1.22b	54.0 ± 1.87b*	4.919
	1:1	34.0 ± 1.0b	47.0 ± 1.22a*	8.222	56.0 ± 1.00a	67.0 ± 2.54a*	4.017
	1:1.25	44.0 ± 1.0a	51.0 ± 2.91a*	2.271	62.0 ± 3.0a	74.0 ± 1.87a*	3.394
	F_{3, 16}	119.538	82.5877		321.600	209.441
	P	< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001

For each exposure time, means followed by the same lower case letter within each column are not significantly different using Tukey–Kramer (HSD) test at 0.05. For each ratio, differences between EO and OLNS denoted with an asterisk indicate a significant difference using t-student test at 0.05. Where no letters exist, no signiﬁcant differences were noted.