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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 11.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2023 Mar 23;162:240–253. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.022

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

(A) Representative P-V loops from baseline left heart catheterization. (B) representative P-V loops during inferior vena cava occlusion, the red line indicates the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR). The organ-level contractility, measured by end-systolic elastance (E es), from the slope of the representative ESPVR line was 2139 mmHg/ml.