Table 1.
The Most Advanced Phases of Clinical Trials for Recurrent Glioblastoma in Each Category of Immunotherapy.
| Therapy | Highest Phase Achieved | Trial | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immune Checkpoint Blockade | PD-1 | III | CheckMate 143 |
| PD-L1 | II | NCT02336165, GliAvAx | |
| CTLA-4 | I | CheckMate 143 | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus | G207 | IIb | NCT00028158 |
| 1716 | I | NCT02031965 | |
| G47Δ | II | UMIN000015995 | |
| Poliovirus | PVSRIPO | II | NCT02986178 |
| Parvovirus | H-1PV | I | ParvOryx01 |
| Adenovirus | ONYX-015 | I | Chiocca et al. [45] |
| Delta24-RGD | Ib | Lang et al. [75] | |
| Newcastle Virus | NDV-HUJ | II | Freeman et al. [83] |
| Reovirus | Reolysin | I | 2011-005635-10 |
| Retrovirus | Toca 511 | III | NCT02414165) |
| CART | EGFRvIII | I | NCT02209376, NCT01454596 |
| IL13Rα2 | III | Kunwar et al. [118] | |
| EphA2-Redirected | Pilot | NCT03423992 | |
| Autologous CMV | I | ACTRN12609000338268 | |
| HER2 | I | NCT01109095 | |
| Immunotoxins | MDNA55 | II | MDNA55-05 |
| Depatux-M | II | INTELLANCE 2/EORTC 1410 | |
| Pseudomonas exotoxin A | III | PRECISE Trial NCT 00076986 |
|
| Cancer Cell Vaccine | ERC1671 | II | NCT01903330 |
| Dendritic cell | III | NCT00045968 | |
| WT1 | II | Izumoto et al. [25] | |
| PPV | III | Narita et al. [126] | |
| Heat-shock protein peptide complex-96 | II | NCT00293423 | |
| SurVaxM | I | NCT01250470 | |
| EO2401 | II | NCT04116658 | |
| VXM01 | I | NCT02718443 |