TABLE 1.
Weighted individual‐ and county‐level characteristics of newly enrolled expansion population among Medicaid enrollees in Pennsylvania.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | No CRC tests | Any CRC tests | Stool‐based tests alone | Visual tests alone | |
| N | 15,439 | 10,604 | 4835 | 800 | 3643 |
| Weighted % | 100.00 | 67.95 | 32.05 | 6.16 | 26.85 |
| Individual‐level characteristics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| 50–54 | 37.97 | 42.15 | 43.35 | 42.38 | 44.31 |
| 55–59 | 50.10 | 35.18 | 38.17 | 40.97 | 37.67 |
| 60–64 | 11.92 | 22.66 | 18.47 | 16.65 | 18.20 |
| Sex | *** | * | ** | ||
| Female | 55.02 | 55.02 | 47.54 | 46.85 | 48.70 |
| Male | 44.98 | 44.98 | 52.46 | 53.15 | 51.30 |
| Race/Ethnicity | *** | * | ** | ||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 65.29 | 66.81 | 61.34 | 60.44 | 61.44 |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 17.29 | 15.89 | 14.59 | 13.83 | 14.94 |
| Hispanic | 6.38 | 6.94 | 10.54 | 8.10 | 11.14 |
| Other | 11.04 | 10.36 | 13.52 | 17.63 | 12.48 |
| Rurality of residence | ** | ** | |||
| Metro counties >1 million population | 51.61 | 52.67 | 48.85 | 65.89 | 45.99 |
| Metro counties <1 million population | 35.48 | 35.71 | 39.90 | 24.50 | 42.18 |
| Nonmetro counties | 12.91 | 11.62 | 11.25 | 9.61 | 11.83 |
| Additional eligibility criteria | |||||
| Children and families | 5.16 | 5.48 | 5.40 | 3.46 | 6.05 |
| Disabled | 5.04 | 5.92 | 6.45 | 7.27 | 6.70 |
| Chronically Ill | 0.42 | 0.48 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.26 |
| Healthy horizons | 5.77 | 6.48 | 7.17 | 9.37 | 7.08 |
| Total enrollment days per calendar year | *** | ** | |||
| 180–340 | 17.38 | 17.35 | 16.20 | 19.75 | 15.79 |
| 340.01–350 | 15.74 | 18.66 | 14.09 | 12.78 | 14.20 |
| 350.01–360 | 24.05 | 26.81 | 24.14 | 23.63 | 25.02 |
| 360.01–365 | 42.84 | 37.18 | 45.57 | 43.84 | 44.98 |
| Total number of chronic conditions | *** | *** | *** | ||
| 0 | 39.08 | 40.22 | 28.84 | 29.38 | 27.44 |
| 1–2 | 20.54 | 17.96 | 28.54 | 26.88 | 29.26 |
| 3–4 | 11.83 | 9.66 | 19.02 | 18.68 | 19.75 |
| 5+ | 9.53 | 8.14 | 15.35 | 11.70 | 16.07 |
| Missing | 19.03 | 24.02 | 8.25 | 13.36 | 7.47 |
| Frequency of primary care services use per calendar year | *** | *** | *** | ||
| 0 | 47.36 | 54.28 | 31.58 | 20.78 | 32.54 |
| 1–2 | 17.35 | 19.54 | 43.69 | 50.63 | 42.22 |
| 2–4 | 12.87 | 10.97 | 13.77 | 15.87 | 13.98 |
| 5+ | 22.42 | 15.20 | 10.96 | 12.72 | 11.27 |
| County‐level characteristics | |||||
| Median household income | * | ||||
| 54,190.59 (53,668.23, 54,712.95) | 54,593.02 (53,895.13, 55,290.91) | 53,739.91 (53,100.04, 54,379.77) | 54,760.19 (53,124.59, 56,395.79) | 53,463.13 (52,734.03, 54,192.23) | |
| Percent living in Urban areas | *** | ||||
| 79.11 (78.08, 80.14) | 79.39 (78.26, 80.52) | 79.49 (78.01, 80.96) | 85.51 (83.24, 87.78) | 78.49 (76.91, 80.06) | |
| Percent Non‐Hispanic White | * | ||||
| 73.17 (72.32, 74.02) | 73.78 (72.86, 74.70) | 73.29 (71.96, 74.61) | 68.53 (65.38, 71.68) | 74.03 (72.54, 75.51) | |
| Percent unemployed among population of 16+ years | |||||
| 5.47 (5.43, 5.51) | 5.44 (5.39, 5.49) | 5.42 (5.35, 5.49) | 5.51 (5.37, 5.66) | 5.42 (5.35, 5.49) | |
| Percent in living under poverty | * | ||||
| 14.69 (14.44, 14.94) | 14.45 (14.15, 14.74) | 14.66 (14.27, 15.05) | 15.29 (14.30, 16.28) | 14.62 (14.19, 15.05) | |
| Percent <high school diploma among population of 25+ years | |||||
| 11.84 (11.67, 12.01) | 11.67 (11.46, 11.89) | 11.92 (11.67, 12.17) | 11.71 (11.95, 12.37) | 11.99 (11.70, 12.27) | |
| # of PCPs per 1000 persons | * | ||||
| 0.78 (0.77, 0.79) | 0.78 (0.77, 0.80) | 0.79 (0.77, 0.81) | 0.82 (0.79, 0.85) | 0.78 (0.76, 0.81) | |
| # of Specialists per 1000 persons | *** | ||||
| 2.46 (2.40, 2.53) | 2.43 (2.35, 2.51) | 2.57 (2.39, 2.73) | 2.85 (2.68, 3.02) | 2.53 (2.33, 2.74) | |
| # of Short‐term general hospital beds per 1000 persons | ** | ||||
| 2.87 (2.82, 2.92) | 2.82 (2.76, 2.89) | 2.96 (2.82, 3.10) | 3.02 (2.90, 3.15) | 2.97 (2.80, 3.15) | |
| # of FQHCs per 1000 persons | |||||
| 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | |
| # of RHCs per 1000 persons | * | ||||
| 0.01 (0.01, 0.01) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.01) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.01) | |
Abbreviations: CRC, Colorectal Cancer; FQHC, Federally Qualified Health Centers; MCO, Managed Care Organizations; PCP, Primary Care Physicians; RHC, Rural Health Centers.
Note: Percentage of each individual‐level factor is presented. Estimates for county‐level factors include 95% confidence interval are presented. All estimates were weighted by a composite inverse probability weighting score based on an enrollee's propensity to enroll longer in Medicaid and to use primary care services during the study period. Table S8 presents weighted individual‐ and county‐level characteristics of overall study population and enrollees who had standard colonoscopy. Distributions of each factor in Columns (2)–(4) are compared to distributions of each factor in Column (1). Any CRC tests include any stool‐based tests (gFOBT, FIT, or FIT‐DNA) or any visual tests (standard colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or CT colonography). Enrollees who received any CRC tests include 393 enrollees who received both stool‐based tests and visual tests during the study period.
p < 0.05
p < 0.01
p < 0.001.